Table 1. Fundamentals of the ultrasound assessment.
Examination: |
Fundamentals of Identifying and Interpreting POCUS Images: |
Neck ultrasonography |
Carotid artery in transverse and longitudinal planes Color Doppler of carotid artery Internal jugular vein in transverse and longitudinal planes |
Lung ultrasonography |
Pleural line (lung sliding and A lines) Presence of pleural effusion Costophrenic recess |
Abdominal ultrasonography |
Liver and hepatorenal space Spleen and splenorenal space Kidneys and bladder in transverse and longitudinal planes Abdominal aorta in transverse and longitudinal planes |
Echocardiography |
LV, RV, LA, aorta, mitral and aortic valves, and pericardium in parasternal long axis Papillary muscles in parasternal short axis Four chambers and valves in the apical four-chamber view Hepatic vein and IVC in longitudinal axis with IVC entry into RA in subcostal view |
Lower extremity ultrasonography |
Femoral vein and artery with compression Greater saphenous and popliteal vein with compression |
Musculoskeletal soft tissue ultrasonography |
Achilles tendon Skin Muscle |