Table 3.
RES-loaded polymer nanoparticles used for the treatment of various diseases.
| Composition | Targeting moiety | Preparation method | Physicochemical characteristics | Cell line/animal model | Disease | Major outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA | None | Solvent displacement | PS, ∼ 202.8 nm; PI, ∼0.17; EE, 89.32 ± 3.51% | Prostate cancer LNCaP cells | Prostate cancer | Increased cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells | Nassir et al. (2018) |
| PLGA; polyvinyl alcohol | None | None | PS, ∼ 257.9 nm; PI, ∼0.26; ZP, 27.99 mV; EE, 20% | Rats | Isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction | Improved bioactivity | Sun etal. (2020) |
| PLGA; N-oleoyl-d-galactosamine Tween 80 | None | Solvent diffusion | PS, ∼108.4 nm; PI, ∼0.217; ZP, −46.3 mV; EE, 97.22 ± 2.31% | RAW264.7 cells; rats | Myocardial injury | Improved oral bioavailability | Siu et al. (2018) |
| Folic acid-conjugated PLGA; CTAB | Enterocytes | None | PS, 131 ± 9 nm; PI, 0.181; ZP, −10.7 mV; EE, 59.1 ± 3.3% | Caco-2 cells; rats with intestinal inflammation | Colonic inflammation | Protection under acidic conditions; inflammation suppression | Naserifar et al. (2020) |
| PLGA; chitosan; alginate | None | O/W emulsion technology | PS, ∼255 nm; PI, 0.097 ± 0.095; ZP, ∼13.5 mV; EE, 87.26% | DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice | Colonic inflammation | Enhanced colon-targeting ability; improved inflammation indicators | Jin et al. (2021) |
| PLGA; polyvinyl alcohol; lactoferrin | Brain capillaries | Emulsion solvent evaporation | PS, 148.2 ± 4.2 nm; PI, 0.12 ± 0.18; ZP, −23.1 ± 3.0 mV; DL, 6.1 ± 0.3%; EE, 75.2 ± 4.1% | SH-SY5Y cells; mice with Parkinson’s disease | Colonic inflammation | Increased blood-brain barrier permeability; enhanced neuroprotective effect | Katila et al. (2022) |
| Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (4% w/v); polyvinyl alcohol; polyethyleneimine | None | Solvent evaporation | PS, 264.2 ± 0.03 nm; PI, 0.16 ± 0.03; ZP, −1.46 ± 1.47 mV; DL, 0.72 ± 0.09%; EE, 29.1 ± 2.0% | A549, H157, H460, H4006, H358, HEK-293 cells | Non-small cell lung cancer | Increased water solubility; enhanced cytotoxicity | Wang et al. (2020) |
| mPEG750-PLA1000 | None | None | PS, 162.2 ± 2.9 nm; PI, 0.062 ± 0.024; ZP, −11.0 ± 0.4 mV; DL, 8.7%; EE, 95.1 ± 0.1% | B16-F10 cells; C57BL/6J mouse model | Melanoma | Reduced degradation and metabolism; increased antitumor activity | Yee et al. (2022) |
CTAB: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; DL: drug loading efficiency; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; EE: entrapment efficiency; mPEG: methoxy poly (ethylene glycol); PI: polydispersity index; PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PS: particle size; ZP: zeta potential