Table 1.
Participant Demographic and Medical Information
| PTPN11 | SOS1 | Typically Developing | p valuea | p valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 30 | 10 | 40 | - | - |
| Sex (n) | |||||
| Male (11) | Male (4) | Male (13) | ns | ns | |
| Age range | 4.43–12.3 | 5.71–10.34 | 4.05–11.94 | - | - |
| Tanner Stage | ≤ 2 | ≤ 2 | ≤ 2 | - | - |
| GH | 13 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Stimulants | 6 | 5 | 1 | - | - |
| SSRI | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - |
| Mean Age | 8.7 ± 2.31 | 7.93 ± 1.53 | 9.24 ± 1.62 | ns | p < 0.05 |
| FSIQ (WISC/WPPSI) | 90.4 ± 14.53 | 97.2 ± 13.88 | 109.5 ± 7.65 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 |
| VCI | 96.17 ± 12.83 | 100.3 ± 11.09 | 112.03 ± 11.57 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 |
| PRI | 93.67 ± 12.50 | 101.00 ± 12.56 | 111.45 ± 10.77 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 |
| WMIc | 86.29 ± 13.39 | 94.33 ± 13.57 | 101.4 ± 8.7 | p < 0.001 | ns |
| PSI | 85.87 ± 15.02 | 89.8 ± 16.78 | 98.26 ± 12.6 | p < 0.001 | ns |
| Attention Problemsd | 59.79 ± 10.38 | 62.50 ± 11.93 | 51.68 ± 10.28 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.05 |
| Hyperactivityd | 63.28 ± 14.07 | 63.20 ± 16.43 | 48.76 ± 11.93 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 |
| Auditory Attentione | 8.21 ± 3.19 | 9.8 ± 3.52 | 10.18 ± 2.89 | p < 0.05 | ns |
| Inhibitionf | 7.51 ± 3.36 | 7.70 ± 3.83 | 10.51 ± 2.99 | p < 0.001 | ns |
| Memory for Faces Delayedf | 8.72 ± 3.05 | 10.3 ± 3.83 | 10.97 ± 2.29 | p < 0.01 | ns |
| Narrative Memory Free and Cued Recallg | 9.17 ± 2.95 | 8.80 ±3.63 | 11.79 ±3.74 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.05 |
| Narrative Memory Free Recallh | 9.38 ±3.02 | 9.30 ±3.55 | 11.89 ±2.89 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 |
| ADHD Diagnosisi | 43.3% (14/30) | 60.0% (6/10) | - | - | - |
All values are reported in mean ± standard deviation; Welch’s two-sample t-test was used to assess significance between groups; GH, growth hormones; SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; FSIQ, Full-scale intelligence quotient; PIQ, Performance intelligence quotient; VIQ, Verbal intelligence quotient; PSI, Processing speed intelligence; WMI, Working memory intelligence; Inhibition, Inhibition vs. Naming Contrast; ns, not significant.
Children with PTPN11 compared with controls
Children with SOS1 compared with controls
n of 24 for PTPN11, n of 9 for SOS1, and n of 39 for TD for WMI given age-restrictions of respective assessments (WISC (WMI) > 6 years).
n of 29 for PTPN11, n of 10 for SOS1, and n of 38 for TD
n of 28 for PTPN11, n of 10 for SOS1, and n of 39 for TD, Auditory Attention not administered to children age < 5
n of 29 for PTPN11, n of 10 for SOS1, and n of 39 for TD, as Inhibition (Naming vs. Inhibition Contrast) and Memory for Faces Delayed are not administered to children age < 5
n of 30 for PTPN11, n of 10 for SOS1, and n of 39 for TD
n of 29 for PTPN11, n of 10 for SOS1, and n of 38 for TD
Percentage and ratio of children in each NS group meeting diagnostic criteria for ADHD in the K-SADS-PL