Figure 2. Visual representation of our main results including bioavailable testosterone and precursors.

There were 4 outcomes of interest in the rectangle shapes on the right, Grim Age Acceleration (AA), Pheno AA, and DNAm-based PAI1, and DNAm-based leptin. There were 8 various hormone levels, 5 total concentrations of testosterone, estrone, estradiol, DHEAS, and SHBG, and 3 bioavailable concentrations of testosterone, estrone and estradiol. In addition, there was one hormone level ratio (testosterone / estradiol) estimated. Associations were estimated using a linear mixed regression model, please note that these are not causal estimates but associations only.

Abbreviations: E1: total estrone; E2: total estradiol; SHBG: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin; TotT: total testosterone; TE ratio: Total testosterone divided by total estradiol concentration; E1a: bioavailable estrone; E2a: bioavailable estradiol; Ta: bioavailable testosterone