. 2023 Feb 14;11:1073824. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1073824

Table 4.

Associations of obesity- and lipid-related indices with MetS (CHARLS2011–2015) and its components.

MetS and its components	WC	BMI	WHtR	VAI	ABSI	BRI	LAP	CI	CVAI	TyG index	TyG-BMI	TyG-WC	TyG-WHtR
Male
MetS
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	5.470 (4.087, 7.321)^**	5.030 (3.780, 6.694)^**	3.947 (2.975, 5.238)^**	3.425 (2.537, 4.625)^**	1.402 (1.060, 1.855)^*	4.054 (3.050, 5.388)^**	5.790 (4.244, 7.901)^**	2.310 (1.762, 3.028)^**	5.544 (4.129, 7.443)^**	3.188 (2.425, 4.190)^**	5.390 (4.007, 7.251)^**	5.426 (4.054, 7.262)^**	4.548 (3.434, 6.024)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.018	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	5.574 (4.133, 7.518)^**	5.137 (3.820, 6.907)^**	4.004 (3.006, 5.332)^**	3.426 (2.528, 4.642)^**	1.514 (1.136, 2.019)^*	4.110 (3.081, 5.481)^**	5.841 (4.256, 8.016)^**	2.391 (1.817, 3.145)^**	5.893 (4.351, 7.979)^**	3.167 (2.405, 4.169)^**	5.522 (4.064, 7.504)^**	5.570 (4.129, 7.512)^**	4.601 (3.460, 6.118)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Elevated triglycerides
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	2.234 (1.770, 2.818)^**	2.278 (1.805, 2.875)^**	2.011 (1.595, 2.535)^**	3.930 (3.022, 5.111)^**	1.303 (1.025, 1.657)^*	2.035 (1.614, 2.565)^**	4.074 (3.179, 5.223)^**	1.392 (1.106, 1.752)^*	2.886 (2.282, 3.651)^**	4.185 (3.281, 5.336)^**	2.998 (2.367, 3.798)^**	3.453 (2.722, 4.380)^**	3.294 (2.601, 4.172)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.031	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	2.178 (1.714, 2.766)^**	2.127 (1.672, 2.706)^**	2.069 (1.633, 2.621)^**	3.830 (2.934, 4.999)^**	1.526 (1.190, 1.957)^**	2.090 (1.650, 2.647)^**	3.981 (3.090, 5.130)^**	1.508 (1.193, 1.907)^**	3.115 (2.440, 3.977)^**	4.089 (3.199, 5.225)^**	2.844 (2.228, 3.630)^**	3.466 (2.713, 4.430)^**	3.395 (2.667, 4.323)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Reduced HDL-C
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.579 (1.209, 2.063)^**	1.619 (1.239, 2.116)^**	1.242 (0.951, 1.623)	2.478 (1.864, 3.293)^**	0.990 (0.755, 1.298)	1.294 (0.991, 1.689)	1.356 (1.040, 1.769)^*	1.104 (0.846, 1.441)	1.874 (1.436, 2.446)^**	1.254 (0.958, 1.640)	1.324 (1.014, 1.730)^*	1.428 (1.092, 1.867)^*	1.348 (1.029, 1.766)^*
P-value	0.001	0.000	0.112	0.000	0.943	0.058	0.024	0.467	0.000	0.099	0.039	0.009	0.030
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.709 (1.296, 2.252)^**	1.762 (1.333, 2.329)^**	1.309 (0.997, 1.719)	2.404 (1.801, 3.208)^**	1.037 (0.784, 1.372)	1.364 (1.040, 1.790)^*	1.400 (1.065, 1.838)^*	1.169 (0.892, 1.533)	2.031 (1.543, 2.674)^**	1.232 (0.939, 1.617)	1.404 (1.063, 1.853)^*	1.528 (1.158, 2.015)^*	1.407 (1.069, 1.853)^*
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.053	0.000	0.797	0.025	0.016	0.258	0.000	0.133	0.017	0.003	0.015
Elevated blood pressure
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.513 (1.258, 1.819)^**	1.520 (1.263, 1.830)^**	1.774 (1.479, 2.130)^**	1.082 (0.907, 1.292)	1.217 (1.015, 1.458)^*	1.759 (1.466, 2.110)^**	1.372 (1.147, 1.641)^**	1.346 (1.126, 1.610)^*	1.499 (1.248, 1.801)^**	1.417 (1.180, 1.701)^**	1.474 (1.229, 1.768)^**	1.480 (1.231, 1.779)^**	1.642 (1.363, 1.978)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.380	0.034	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.676 (1.380, 2.036)^**	1.794 (1.472, 2.186)^**	1.803 (1.492, 2.178)^**	1.173 (0.976, 1.410)	1.040 (0.860, 1.258)	1.792 (1.484, 2.164)^**	1.493 (1.237, 1.803)^**	1.248 (1.038, 1.501)^*	1.478 (1.221, 1.790)^**	1.507 (1.248, 1.820)^**	1.718 (1.415, 2.086)^**	1.576 (1.298, 1.912)^**	1.671 (1.378, 2.027)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.088	0.682	0.000	0.000	0.018	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Elevated fasting glucose
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.375 (1.129, 1.673)^*	1.211 (0.993, 1.476)	1.348 (1.110, 1.637)^*	1.208 (0.997, 1.463)	1.284 (1.053, 1.566)^*	1.362 (1.122, 1.654)^*	1.368 (1.128, 1.660)^*	1.287 (1.062, 1.560)^*	1.382 (1.136, 1.680)^*	1.658 (1.364, 2.016)^**	1.423 (1.172, 1.729)^**	1.475 (1.212, 1.794)^**	1.468 (1.205, 1.788)^**
P-value	0.002	0.058	0.003	0.054	0.013	0.002	0.001	0.010	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
P-value	0.001	0.022	0.003	0.023	0.055	0.002	0.001	0.027	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Female
MetS
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	2.687 (2.142, 3.370)^**	2.586 (2.038, 3.282)^**	2.648 (2.082, 3.367)^**	2.494 (1.989, 3.127)^**	1.567 (1.210, 2.030)^**	2.703 (2.123, 3.441)^**	2.931 (2.328, 3.690)^**	2.033 (1.625, 2.545)^**	3.125 (2.486, 3.928)^**	2.377 (1.873, 3.018)^**	2.591 (2.057, 3.263)^**	3.470 (2.639, 4.563)^**	2.916 (2.262, 3.761)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	2.764 (2.195, 3.480)^**	3.045 (2.363, 3.925)^**	2.619 (2.055, 3.337)^**	2.552 (2.029, 3.209)^**	1.485 (1.135, 1.943)^*	2.669 (2.092, 3.404)^**	2.999 (2.374, 3.788)^**	1.945 (1.542, 2.452)^**	3.072 (2.416, 3.906)^**	2.332 (1.834, 2.967)^**	2.932 (2.300, 3.737)^**	3.547 (2.690, 4.678)^**	2.895 (2.241, 3.741)^**
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Elevated triglycerides
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.491 (1.182, 1.88)^**	1.581 (1.248, 2.001)^**	1.549 (1.223, 1.962)^**	3.063 (2.413, 3.888)^**	1.367 (1.050, 1.780)^*	1.580 (1.246, 2.002)^**	2.770 (2.182, 3.516)^**	1.338 (1.063, 1.685)^*	2.066 (1.637, 2.606)^**	3.162 (2.436, 4.104)^**	1.992 (1.575, 2.519)^**	2.199 (1.692, 2.859)^**	2.183 (1.694, 2.814)^**
P-value	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.000	0.013	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.464 (1.159, 1.849)^*	1.536 (1.203, 1.961)^**	1.544 (1.217, 1.958)^**	3.069 (2.415, 3.901)^**	1.494 (1.135, 1.966)^*	1.578 (1.243, 2.002)^**	2.733 (2.15, 3.473)^**	1.417 (1.116, 1.799)^*	2.300 (1.798, 2.942)^**	3.224 (2.478, 4.193)^**	1.955 (1.536, 2.487)^**	2.174 (1.670, 2.829)^**	2.183 (1.691, 2.819)^**
P-value	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Reduced HDL-C
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.466 (1.189, 1.807)^**	1.542 (1.25, 1.903)^**	1.272 (1.032, 1.567)^*	2.702 (2.186, 3.34)^**	0.989 (0.788, 1.241)	1.273 (1.033, 1.568)^*	1.702 (1.383, 2.096)^**	1.079 (0.877, 1.327)	1.662 (1.348, 2.048)^**	1.416 (1.147, 1.748)^*	1.497 (1.217, 1.842)^**	1.444 (1.16, 1.797)^*	1.346 (1.087, 1.666)^*
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.024	0.000	0.925	0.024	0.000	0.474	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.006
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.456 (1.179, 1.797)^**	1.509 (1.214, 1.876)^**	1.272 (1.031, 1.570)^*	2.697 (2.18, 3.338)^**	1.052 (0.83, 1.332)	1.275 (1.033, 1.573)^*	1.687 (1.369, 2.080)^**	1.145 (0.924, 1.419)	1.851 (1.483, 2.310)^**	1.438 (1.163, 1.778)^**	1.462 (1.182, 1.809)^**	1.436 (1.1520, 1.791)^*	1.350 (1.088, 1.674)^*
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.025	0.000	0.677	0.024	0.000	0.217	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.006
Elevated blood pressure
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.360 (1.109, 1.667)^*	1.108 (0.906, 1.355)	1.437 (1.173, 1.762)^**	0.934 (0.762, 1.145)	1.172 (0.937, 1.464)	1.452 (1.185, 1.781)^**	1.197 (0.979, 1.464)	1.487 (1.215, 1.819)^**	1.859 (1.515, 2.28)^**	1.121 (0.916, 1.372)	1.048 (0.858, 1.281)	1.219 (0.988, 1.503)	1.259 (1.025, 1.547)^*
P-value	0.003	0.318	0.000	0.512	0.164	0.000	0.079	0.000	0.000	0.269	0.646	0.064	0.028
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.505 (1.212, 1.870)^**	1.563 (1.250, 1.953)^**	1.44 (1.161, 1.785)^**	0.937 (0.756, 1.160)	0.814 (0.638, 1.039)	1.445 (1.165, 1.791)^**	1.285 (1.038, 1.589)^*	1.142 (0.920, 1.417)	1.439 (1.154, 1.795)^*	1.015 (0.82, 1.257)	1.347 (1.084, 1.675)^*	1.304 (1.044, 1.629)^*	1.227 (0.987, 1.525)
P-value	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.549	0.098	0.001	0.021	0.229	0.001	0.890	0.007	0.019	0.066
Elevated fasting glucose
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.088 (0.872, 1.359)	1.056 (0.848, 1.314)	1.164 (0.935, 1.451)	1.12 (0.899, 1.395)	1.277 (0.998, 1.633)	1.197 (0.961, 1.492)	1.257 (1.011, 1.564)^*	1.255 (1.009, 1.562)^*	1.407 (1.129, 1.753)^*	1.609 (1.285, 2.014)^**	1.162 (0.935, 1.445)	1.368 (1.086, 1.724)^*	1.45 (1.155, 1.821)^*
P-value	0.455	0.626	0.175	0.311	0.052	0.109	0.040	0.041	0.002	0.000	0.177	0.008	0.001
Adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.099 (0.878, 1.376)	1.164 (0.926, 1.463)	1.145 (0.917, 1.43)	1.14 (0.913, 1.424)	1.147 (0.887, 1.483)	1.175 (0.94, 1.468)	1.28 (1.026, 1.596)^*	1.131 (0.902, 1.418)	1.27 (1.007, 1.602)^*	1.575 (1.255, 1.977)^**	1.261 (1.006, 1.581)^*	1.38 (1.092, 1.744)^*	1.439 (1.143, 1.81)^*
P-value	0.410	0.195	0.233	0.247	0.296	0.156	0.029	0.288	0.043	0.000	0.044	0.007	0.002

The obesity- and lipid-related indices (WC, BMI, WHtR, VAI, ABSI, BRI, LAP, CVAI, CI, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR) used data from participants in 2011. The MetS components (elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose) used data from participants in 2015.

Adjusted OR: adjusted for age, educational levels, marital status, live place, current smoking, alcohol drinking, activities, exercises, chronic diseases.

P < 0.05,

^**

P < 0.001.

WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; VAI, visceral adiposity index; ABSI, a body shape index; BRI, body roundness index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; CVAI, cardio-ankle vascular index; CI, conicity index; TyG, triglyceride and glucose index; TyG-BMI, TyG related to BMI; TyG-WC, TyG related to WC; TyG-WHtR, TyG related to WHtR.