Figure 10.

Toxicity assessment in FCA-induced RA rats. Effects of dual-drug nanoparticles loaded hydrogel on hepatic and renal function. (A and B) hepatic biomarkers (ALT and AST) and (C and D) renal biomarkers (CRE and BUN). The data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4). The values were statistically examined using a one-way ANOVA test. Statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ns- non-significant.

ALT: Alanine transaminase, AST: Aspartate transaminase, CRE: Creatinine, BUN: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN).