Figure 9.

UPLC – ESI–HRMS detection of (A) 2,3-SAOA (anaerobic ring-cleaved metabolite) and (B) 3,17-DHSA (aerobic ring-cleaved metabolite) in the fecal extract of male mice administered with strain GDN1. Aforementioned ring-cleaved metabolites were not detected in the vehicle-administered mice. Fresh mouse feces were sampled 2 weeks after the first oral administration and was stored at−80°C before use. The fecal samples were extracted using ethyl acetate, and the androgen metabolites were analyzed through UPLC – ESI–HRMS. The predicted elemental composition of individual metabolite ions was calculated using MassLynx Mass Spectrometry Software (Waters); *unidentified metabolite.