Table V. —Results of the shoulder joint active range of motions.
| Active range of motions of shoulder | hrESWT | mrESWT | prESWT | P* | η2 | Post-hoc PC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | |||||||||
| Flexion AROM° |
Baseline | 118.25±18.02 | 132.42±19.12 | 130.77±18.47 | 0.118 | 0.11 | |||||
| After treatment | 159.89±14.96 | 159.44±17.26 | 132.59±17.19 | <0.001 | 0.39 | 1-3 (P=0.001) 2-3 (P=0.001) |
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| Mean change (95% CI) |
41.64±20.94 (54.29; 28.98) |
27.02±18.13 (37.97; 16.06) |
1.82±13.80 (-10.16; 6.52) |
<0.001 | 0.48 | 1-3 (p˂0.001) 2-3 (P=0.003) |
|||||
| Effect size | P^ | 1.99 | P<0.001 | 1.49 | P<0.001 | 0.13 | P=0.643 | ||||
| Abduction AROM° |
Baseline | 78.18±23.48 | 100.10±28.45 | 91.62±25.79 | 0.110 | 0.12 | |||||
| After treatment | 124.13±32.42 | 139.14±37.14 | 99.68±22.49 | 0.010 | 0.23 | 2-3 (P=0.008) | |||||
| Mean change (95% CI) | 45.95±21.32 (58.83; 33.06) |
39.04±18.99 (50.52; 27.56) |
8.06±12.85 (15.83; 0.28) |
<0.001 | 0.47 | 1-3 (P˂0.001) 2-3 (P˂0.001) |
|||||
| Effect size | P^ | 2.31 | P<0.001 | 2.27 | P<0.001 | 0.65 | P=0.043 | ||||
| External rotation AROM° |
Baseline | 26.75±16.26 | 39.84±18.4 | 32.33±11.26 | 0.114 | 0.11 | |||||
| After treatment | 58.97±18.89 | 55.22±17.38 | 37.38±8.39 | 0.002 | 0.28 | 1-3 (P=0.003) 2-3 (P=0.016) |
|||||
| Mean change (95% CI) |
32.22±14.65 (41.07; 23.37) |
15.38±9.65 (21.21; 9.55) |
5.05±7.47 (9.56; 0.53) |
<0.001 | 0.53 | 1-2 (P=0.001) 1-3 (P˂0.001) |
|||||
| Effect size | P^ | 2.22 | P<0.001 | 1.60 | P<0.001 | 0.72 | P=0.031 | ||||
| Internal rotation AROM |
Baseline | 36.40±18.38 | 58.00±21.87 | 43.46±15.58 | 0.025 | 0.62 | 1-2 (P=0.015) | ||||
| After treatment | 62.26±21.82 | 76.19±19.84 | 51.81±10.76 | 0.186 | 0.23 | ||||||
| Mean change (95% CI) |
25.86±13.24 (17.45; 34.27) |
18.19±14.63 (9.35; 27.03) |
8.35±14.59 (-1.46; 18.15) |
0.020 | 0.21 | 1-3 (P=0.015) | |||||
| Effect size | P^ | 1.28 | P<0.001 | 0.87 | P=0.001 | 0.62 | P=0.087 | ||||
Data shown are mean±standard deviation, mean change, and 95% CI. Statistically significance: P˂0.005. Models Test: 1 (hrESWT); 2 (mrESWT); 3 (prESWT); 1-3 (hrESWT statistically different from prESWT); 2-3 (mrESWT statistically different from prESWT). hrESWT: High-energy radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (0.25 mj/mm2); mrESWT: medium-energy radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (0.12 mj/mm2); prESWT: placebo radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (0.0 mj/mm2); 0: no difficulty in functionality; 100: worst difficulty requiring assistance; η2: partial eta squared (the norms for partial eta-squared [small: 0.01], [medium: 0.06]; [large: 0.14]); PC: pairwise comparison; AROM: active range of motion (° measured in degree). ^Significance level of paired sample t-test; *significance level of general linear mixed model test.