. 2021 Mar 24;5(1):76–84. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06432-7

Table II. —Results of the Joana Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for quasi-experimental studies.^39-42.

Questions	Kas⁴⁰	Vincent³⁹	Gonzalez⁴²	Michalsen⁴¹
1. Is it clear in the study what is the ‘cause’ and what is the ‘effect’?	Y	Y	Y	Y
2. Were the participants included in any comparisons receiving similar treatment/care, other than the intervention of interest? (history threat/systematic difference/	N	N	N	N
3. Was there a control group?	N	N	N	N
4. Was there multiple measurements of the outcome both pre and post the intervention	Y	Y	Y	Y
5. Was follow-up complete, and if not, was follow-up adequately reported and strategies to deal with loss to follow-up employed?	Y	Y	Y	Y
6. Were the outcomes of participants included in any comparisons measured in the same way?	Y	Y	Y	Y
7. Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?	Y	Y	Y	Y
8. Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Y	Y	Y	Y

Y: yes; N: no.

Table II. —Results of the Joana Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for quasi-experimental studies.39-42.