Table 3. Summary of the measures contributing to the primary outcome, grouped by the SC condition and the AC condition1.
| Outcome | Assessment Point | SC | AC | p-value | 95% CI (AC-SC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Alcohol During Pregnancy (n/%) | Baseline | 402/421 (95.5%) | 430/446 (96.4%) | 0.247 | (−0.506, 1.048) |
| Ever Depressed (n/%) | All time points | 23/130 (22.3%) | 33/148 (22.3%) | 0.431 | (−0.707, 0.592) |
| >=4 Antenatal Visits (n/%) | 3 Months | 187/227 (82.4%) | 196/253 (77.5%) | 0.539 | (−0.655, 0.602) |
| PMTCT Adherence Mean (SD) | 3 and 6 Months | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 0.241 | (−0.186, 0.393) |
| ARV Adherence Mean (SD) | 3, 6, 15, 24 Months | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.4) | 0.008 | (0.157, 1.576) |
| Breastfeeding (n/%) | 6 Months | 124/312 (39.7%) | 176/356 (49.4%) | 0.032 | (−0.022, 0.751) |
| Low Birth Weight (n/%) | Baseline | 39/280 (13.9%) | 43/308 (14.0%) | 0.397 | (−0.669, 0.512) |
| Ever HAZ <−2 9 (n/%) | All Time Points | 73/202 (36.1%) | 82/219 (37.4%) | 0.393 | (−1.813, 0.291) |
| Ever WAZ <−2 (n/%) | All Time Points | 14/202 (6.9%) | 9/219 (4.1%) | 0.078 | (−0.596, 0.451) |
| Child Support Grant Secured (n/%) | 6 Months | 271/312 (86.9%) | 309/356 (86.6%) | 0.468 | (−0509, 0.552) |
| Immunizations Up to Date (n/%) | 6, 15, 24 Months | 93/153 (60.8%) | 94/159 (59.1%) | 0.677 | (−0.710, 0.441) |
| Ever Hospitalized (n/%) | 3, 6, 15, 24 Months | 140/359 (39.0%) | 149/403 (37.0%) | 0.299 | (−0.478, 0.275) |
| Developmental Milestones (Mean/SD) | 6, 15, 24 Months | 18.5 (1.5) | 18.8 (1.5) | 0.068 | (−0.084, 0.611) |
1The reported p-values come from a one-sided test where the null hypothesis is no AC effect and the alternative is the AC improves the outcome. The 95% two-sided confidence interval is for the treatment effect (AC-SC); for binary outcomes, this is on the log-odds scale; for continuous outcomes, it is on the same scale as the response.
AC, Accountable Care; ARV, antiretroviral; HAZ, height-for-age z-scores; PMTCT, Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV; SC, Standard Care; SD, standard deviation; WAZ, weight-for-age z-scores.