Skip to main content
. 2017 Jul 7;10:1179552217712249. doi: 10.1177/1179552217712249

Table 6.

Worldwide celiac disease prevalence.

Country Patients analyzed Prevalence, % Type of sample Diagnostic method References
America
USA 8631 (adults) 2.55 Blood ELISA antibody measurement (IgA, IgG) and genetic test (HLA-DQ2/8) Fasano et al 36
2845 (adult population at risk) 0.95 Blood ELISA antibody measurement (IgA, IgG) and genetic test (HLA-DQ2/8) Fasano et al 36
7798 (from 6 y to adults) 0.7 Blood ELISA IgA tTG Rubio-Tapia et al 39
Canada 233 (children with type 1 diabetes) 7.7 Blood IgA-EMA, and IgA tTG Gillett et al 40
Argentina 2000 (16 to 79 y) 0.6 Blood AGA, EMA Gomez et al 41
Brazil 2045 (blood donors) 1.15 Blood ELISA IgA-EMA, IgG-AGA Gandolfi et al 42
Chile 188 (relatives of celiac patients) 4.76 Blood ELISA EMA, HLA Araya et al 43
Cuba 519 (children 3 mo-14 y) 2.3 Biopsy Microscopy Rabassa et al 44
Europe
Total 29 212 (adults and children) 1 Blood tTG and EMA Mustalahti et al 45
Italy 17 201 (students 6-15 y) 0.5 Blood and biopsy IgG-AGA and IgA-AGA and microscopy Catassi et al 46
Estonia 805 (children) 1.1 Blood ELISA for AGA and R1-type antireticulin antibodies Uibo et al 47
Finland 3654 (children 7-16 y) 1 Blood and biopsy EMA, tTG, and microscopy Mäki et al 48
Germany 2157 (older than 18 y) 0.37
Most common in women 0.45% than men 0.19%		 Blood and biopsy IgA tTG, EMA and AGA, and microscopy Kratzer et al 49
Hungary 427 (children 3-6 y) 1.2 Blood IgA- and IgG- EMA using monkey esophagus and human jejunum as substrates Korponay-Szabó et al 50
Holland 50 760 0.35 Blood Serologic screening and HLA typing Schweizer et al 51
Romania 2436 (older than 16 y) 2.22 Biopsy Upper endoscopy and microscopy Dobru et al 52
Switzerland 1450 (11-18 y) 0.75 Blood IgA titers, EMA, IgA titers EMA and anti-human tTG IgA (hTTG) titers Rutz et al 53
Spain-Madrid 3378 (10-12 y) 0.3-0.45 Blood Total serum IgA, IgA-EMA and IgG-AGA Cilleruelo Pascual et al 54
North Spain 1170 0.26 Blood IgA and IgG-AGA and IgA EMA Riestra et al 55
Portugal 536 (children 14 ± 6 mo) 0.74 Blood and biopsy Total IgA, anti-tTG, EMA, and microscopy Antunes et al 56
Ireland 63 901 children 0.33 Biopsy Microscopy Crosby capsule Mylotte et al 57
Asia
North India (Punjab) 4347 children (3-17 y) 0.3 Blood Anti-tTG by indirect solid-phase immunometric assay (ELISA) Sood et al 58
North India (Delhi) 10 488 1.04 Blood and biopsy Anti-tTG Makharia et al 59
Turkey 906 (20-59 y) 1 Blood and biopsy Anti-tTG IgA and serum IgA and microscopy Gursoy et al 60
Iran 2799 (18-66 y) 0.96 Blood and biopsy IgA anti-tTG and IgA anti-EMA and microscopy Akbari et al 61
Syria — 1.6 — — Gujral et al 62
Israel 1571 (blood donors) 0.64 Blood and biopsy Serologic test and microscopy Shamir et al 63
China 62 6.45 Biopsy Capsule endoscopy and microscopy Jiang et al 64
Japan — <0.005 — — Cummins and Roberts-Thomson 65
Malaysia 562 (18-30 y) 1.25 Blood AGA IgA/IgG and tTG IgA/IgG Yap et al 66
Africa
Egypt 1500 children 0.53 Blood and biopsy tTG, IgA-EMA, and microscopy Abu-Zekry et al 67
Algeria 497 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients) 16.4 Blood Serological markers Mustalahti et al 45
Algeria—Saharawi people 989 (Saharawi children) 5-6 Blood EMA and anti-tTG Catassi et al 68
Tunisia 6286 (9.7 ± 3 y) 0.64 Blood and biopsy IgA tTG, EMA IgA and microscopy Ben Hariz et al 69
Unite Arab Emirates 1197(older than 16 y) 1.17 (13 women and 1 man, 14:1197) Blood tTG IgA and EMA IgA Abu-Zeid et al 70
Oceania
New Zealand 1064 1.2 Blood and biopsy EMA and microscopy Cook et al 71
Perth, Australia 3011 0.56 Blood and biopsy IgA and IgG, anti-tTG antibodies, HLA-DQ2/8 haplotyping, and microscopy Chin et al 72

Abbreviations: EMA, Anti-endomysial antibody; AGA, antigliadin antibody; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; tTG, anti-tissue transglutaminase.