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. 2022 Mar 23;2(3):158–171. doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-21-0157

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

HD volunteers have higher T-cell counts, increased CD4/CD8 ratio, and an expanded naïve T-cell population compared with patients with multiple myeloma. A, Clinical features of HD volunteers and patients with multiple myeloma (MM) used in the study to generate PBMCs, including age and prior treatment regimens. Three main groups were studied: (i) HD volunteers with no underlying disorders and age < 30 (HD), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients not yet exposed to any treatment regimen, and relapsed multiple myeloma patients, who have undergone several lines of treatment as described. The third group is subdivided into early relapse (≤3 prior lines of therapy) and late relapse (>3 prior lines of therapy). B, T-cell counts per 10,000 live PBMCs after PBMC isolation from peripheral blood: HD (n = 9), newly diagnosed MM (n = 4), early relapsed MM (n = 9), and late relapsed MM (n = 4). C, CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios from the four groups analyzed above. D, Representative FACS plots describing the T-cell memory phenotype from a HD subject versus a relapsed multiple myeloma patient. Cells were previously gated on live CD3+ T cells and based on the expression of CD45RO and CD62L were characterized into: naïve/stem cell memory (SCM), central memory (CM), and effector memory (EM) T cells. CD45RO− and CD62L− cells were quantified as effector T cells. Memory phenotype of CD4 (E) and CD8 T cells (F) present in HD (n = 6), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (n = 4), and relapsed multiple myeloma patients (n = 8, including early and late rMM patients), quantified by FACS based on CD45RO and CD62L expression. Data represent mean values ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed unpaired t test. Abbreviations: Auto, autologous stem cell transplant/autograft; BTD, Bendamustine, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone; CD, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone; CRD, Cyclophosphamide, Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone; CTD, Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone; CVD or VCD, Cyclophosphamide, Velcade, Dexamethasone; Dara, Daratumumab; DVD, Daratumumab, Velcade, Dexamethasone; ESHAP, Etoposide, Solu-medrone, High-dose cytarabine, Cisplatin; KCD, Carfilzomib, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone; Nil, no prior treatment regimen; PAD, Velcade, Adriamycin, Dexamethasone; RD – Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone; RVD, Lenalidomide, Velcade, Dexamethasone; VD, Velcade, Dexamethasone; VMP, Velcade, Melphalan, Prednisolone; VPD, Velcade, Panobinostat, Dexamethasone; VTD, Velcade, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone.