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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Dec 13;80(24):2331–2347. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.044

CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION. Research Opportunities: Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation and Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse.

CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION

Valvular-ventricular interactions and potential fibrotic stimuli and arrhythmogenic triggers in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) include (right): papillary muscle (PM) traction, associated curling motion (black arrows in opposite directions), and increased systolic annular expansion augmented by mitral annular disjunction (MAD). MV schematics adapted with permission from Nagata et al.87 AO = aorta; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; DMR = degenerative mitral regurgitation; ECG = electrocardiography; EP = electrophysiology; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; ILR = implantable loop recorder; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricular; PET = positron emission tomography; PVC = premature ventricular contraction; SCA = sudden cardiac arrest; SCD = sudden cardiac death; TEER = transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.