Table 3.
Sex differences in physiological and subjective ratings (ANOVA)
| N | Mean (SD) | ANOVA | Effect size (ηp 2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | Females | Males | |||
| SCR amp (µS) | 94 | 84 | ||||
| Wins | 0.64 (0.31) | 0.55 (0.28) | F = 4.315, p = 0.039 | 0.024 | ||
| Near-misses | 0.39 (0.19) | 0.35 (0.16) | F = 2.289, p = 0.132 | 0.013 | ||
| Full-misses | 0.32 (0.16) | 0.33 (0.16) | F = 0.356, p = 0.552 | 0.002 | ||
| Post hocs* | Win > NM > FM | Win > NM ≈ FM | ||||
| HR acceleration | 136 | 128 | ||||
| Wins | 11.48 (4.07) | 11.44 (4.57) | F = 0.006, p = 0.939 | 0.000 | ||
| Near-misses | 12.27 (4.25) | 12.85 (4.50) | F = 1.145, p = 0.286 | 0.004 | ||
| Full-misses | 11.66 (3.85) | 11.85 (3.79) | F = 0.171, p = 0.679 | 0.001 | ||
| Post hocs* | Win < NM > FM | Win < NM > FM | ||||
| HR deceleration | 136 | 128 | ||||
| Wins | 4.23 (1.83) | 4.75 (2.83) | F = 3.171, p = 0.076 | 0.012 | ||
| Near-misses | 4.06 (1.85) | 4.00 (2.21) | F = 0.055, p = 0.815 | 0.000 | ||
| Full-misses | 3.84 (1.72) | 3.59 (1.78) | F = 1.311, p = 0.253 | 0.005 | ||
| Post hocs* | Win ≈ NM ≈ FM | Win > NM > FM | ||||
| Pleased with result | 139 | 130 | ||||
| Wins | 8.41 (1.95) | 8.04 (2.01) | F = 2.455, p = 0.118 | 0.009 | ||
| Near-misses | 1.41 (1.88) | 1.77 (2.38) | F = 1.902, p = 0.169 | 0.007 | ||
| Full-misses | 1.37 (1.86) | 1.80 (2.34) | F = 2.718, p = 0.100 | 0.010 | ||
| Post hocs* | Win > NM ≈ FM | Win > NM ≈ FM | ||||
| Continue to play | 139 | 130 | ||||
| Wins | 5.23 (3.03) | 4.38 (3.02) | F = 5.291, p = 0.022 | 0.019 | ||
| Near-misses | 4.34 (2.85) | 3.91 (2.99) | F = 1.471, p = 0.226 | 0.005 | ||
| Full-misses | 4.29 (2.81) | 3.91 (2.96) | F = 1.169, p = 0.280 | 0.004 | ||
| Post hocs* | Win > NM ≈ FM | Win > NM ≈ FM | ||||
| Chance of winning | 139 | 130 | ||||
| Wins | 3.25 (2.24) | 3.03 (2.59) | F = 0.526, p = 0.469 | 0.002 | ||
| Near-misses | 2.62 (2.02) | 2.88 (2.45) | F = 0.906, p = 0.342 | 0.003 | ||
| Full-misses | 2.64 (2.01) | 2.78 (2.35) | F = 0.271, p = 0.603 | 0.001 | ||
| Post hocs* | Win > NM ≈ FM | Win ≈ NM ≈ FM | ||||
SCR amp (µS) = skin conductance response (SCR, max amplitude in microsiemens). HR = heart rate (beats per minute). Subjective ratings = scale from 1 to 10. Degrees of freedom: Subjective ratings, df = 2; EDA, df = 2; HR, df = 2. Effect size = partial eta squared (ηp 2)
Post hocs* = Differences in responses to each outcome among females and males separately. Post hoc threshold = p < 0.05