Figure 4.

Regulation of MMPs by different cell types and related mechanisms. (Stimulated by HG and AGEs, keratinocytes and fibroblasts could produce a large amount of MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-1 and MMP-14, which leads to decreased activity and migration, and ultimately causes impaired wound healing. During this process, signals such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, ERK1/2, FOXO1, HOXA3, Sp1, Notch, NF-κB, p38, FasL/Fas, and cells like ADSC, MSC, as well as lymphocyte are involved, which may promote or slow down the production of the above mentioned MMPs and thus affect diabetic wound healing.).