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. 2023 Feb 17;14:1122352. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122352

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Copyright © 2023 Jie, Li, Cheng, Wang, Wu and Xie

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biological process of DNA methylation. (A) Cytosine is catalyzed by DNMTs to form 5 ‘methyl-cytosine, with SAM as the methyl donor. (B) DNA methylation is dynamically regulated by DNMTs and TETs. Figure 1-B adapted from Jeltsch (26). (C) Hypermethylation of target gene promoter causes gene silencing. DNMTs, DNA methyltransferases; SAM, S-adenosyl methionine; CpG, cytosine-guanine; TETs, ten-eleven translocation enzymes.