Fig. 4. Adjusted odds ratios of autoimmune disease development among patients with and without TRD in the nested case-control study.

*Significant at 0.05 in univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Multivariable condition logistic models adjusted for binary indicators of history of physical disorders and history of psychiatric conditions. Analysis was not performed for the systemic autoimmune disease development in male patients owing to lack of case patients with TRD. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, TRD treatment-resistant depression.