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. 2023 Mar 2;13:3552. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30361-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Map view of the slip distribution of the 2022 Chihshang earthquake sequence. Red solid star and white open star are the epicenter of 0918 mainshock and 0917 foreshock reported by CWB, respectively. White solid stars are the three events that occurred in the southern LV in the 1951 earthquake sequence (see Supplementary Table S1). The fault plane on the right is the east-dipping Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF), and on the left is the west-dipping Central Range Fault (CRF). Active faults published by CGS³⁶ are shown in red lines. White contours show the slip distribution of the mainshock, and the black contours indicate the slip area of the foreshock. Arrows are the slip vectors on the fault plane of the mainshock. Beachballs are the focal mechanisms determined by RMT⁸. The events before the 0918 mainshock (from 2022/09/17 to 2022/09/18 06:35 that were detected by CWB³⁷) are shown in solid gray circles, and the events after the mainshock (from 2022/09/18 06:44 to 2022/09/30 19:51) are presented with white circles. Yellow triangle shows the station ECS that recorded an intensity of 6 + . The lower right illustrates the study area, with CeR representing the Central Range, CoR the Coastal Range, and LV the Longitudinal Valley which is the boundary between Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate. Photos 1–5 show the damages along LV caused by this earthquake sequence: (1) Chunrih elementary school (photo from Liberty Times, Taiwan), (2) Gaoliao bridge (photo from Chinese Television System, Taiwan), (3) 7-Eleven Yuli store (photo from United Daily News, Taiwan), (4) Dongli railway station (photo from ETtoday News, Taiwan), and (5) Luntian bridge (photo from Next Apple News, Taiwan). The map was generated by the GMT v.4.3.1 (https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/).