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. 2023 Mar 2;14(2):136. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05622-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was treated with 150 nM PMA for 24 h. M2 macrophage polarization was induced by 20 ng/ml recombinant human IL-4. mRNA expression levels of TG2 and indicated human M2 macrophage markers were analyzed. For knockdown experiment, PMA-treated macrophages were transfected with siRNA against TG2 (A). As a negative control, scrambled siRNA (Control) was replaced with the same amount of TG2 siRNA. For the TG2 inactivation, cell-permeable (0.4 mM Cystamine, B; 50 μM Z-DON, C) and impermeable inhibitors (100 μM Boc-DON; D) were used. Data were normalized against mRNA expression of TBP and relative values were presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3) (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, Student’s t test).