Table 1.
Demographics, risk status, pneumonia characteristics and outcomes of participants with radiologically confirmed all-cause CAP.
| Characteristic | 18–64 years (n = 169) | ≥65 years (n = 349) | All patients (≥18 years) (n = 518) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age 18–49 years | 77/169 (45.6%) | 0/349 | 77/518 (14.9%) |
| Age 50–64 years | 92/169 (54.4%) | 0/349 | 92/518 (17.8%) |
| Age 65–79 years | 0/169 (0.0%) | 187/349 (53.6%) | 187/518 (36.1%) |
| Age ≥80 years | 0/169 (0.0%) | 162/349 (46.4%) | 162/518 (31.3%) |
| Male sex | 92/169 (54.4%) | 190/349 (54.4%) | 282/518 (54.4%) |
| White race | 144/169 (85.2%) | 342/349 (98.0%) | 486/518 (93.8%) |
| Middle east ethnicity | 16/169 (9.5%) | 3/349 (0.9%) | 19/518 (3.7%) |
| Other race or ethnicity | 9/169 (5.3%) | 3/349 (0.9%) | 12/518 (2.3%) |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) (SD) | 26.3 (5.9) | 25.9 (5.4) | 26.0 (5.5) |
| Immunocompromiseda | 39/169 (23.1%) | 141/349 (40.4%) | 180/518 (34.7%) |
| Immunosuppression therapyb | 20/169 (11.8%) | 45/347f (13.0%) | 65/516v (12.6%) |
| Immunodeficiencyc | 0/169 (0.0%) | 2/348f (0.6%) | 2/517f (0.4%) |
| HIV / AIDS | 1/169 (0.6%) | 0/348f (0.0%) | 1/517f (0.2%) |
| Cancer/malignancy, solid tumor | 17/169 (10.1%) | 89/347f (25.6%) | 106/516f (20.5%) |
| Cancer/malignancy, hematologic | 4/169 (2.4%) | 15/348f (4.3%) | 19/517f (3.7%) |
| Organ transplantation | 5/169 (3.0%) | 0/348f (0.0%) | 5/517f (1.0%) |
| Chronic kidney disease/end-stage renal disease | 6/169 (3.6%) | 41/348f (11.8%) | 47/517f (9.1%) |
| Chronic medical conditionsa | 44/169 (26.0%) | 156/349 (44.7%) | 200/518 (38.6%) |
| COPD | 23/167f (13.8%) | 120/347f (34.6%) | 143/514f (27.8%) |
| Asthma | 19/169 (11.2%) | 28/349 (8.0%) | 47/518 (9.1%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 9/169 (5.3%) | 86/349 (24.6%) | 95/518 (18.3%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 14/169 (8.3%) | 121/349 (34.7%) | 135/518 (26.1%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20/169 (11.8%) | 67/349 (19.2%) | 87/518 (16.8%) |
| Liver disease | 6/169 (3.6%) | 4/349 (1.1%) | 10/518 (1.9%) |
| Autoimmune disorders | 13/169 (7.7%) | 19/348f (5.5%) | 32/517f (6.2%) |
| Low-riska | 86/169 (50.9%) | 52/349 (14.9%) | 138/518 (26.6%) |
| Current smoker | 46/169 (27.2%) | 51/347f (14.7%) | 97/516f (18.8%) |
| Previous smoker | 50/169 (29.6%) | 184/347f (53.0%) | 234/516f (45.3%) |
| Prior influenza vaccined | 13/165f (7.9%) | 159/329f (48.3%) | 172/494f (34.8%) |
| Prior pneumococcal vaccinee | 5/165f (3.0%) | 51/324f (15.7%) | 56/489f (11.5%) |
| Nursing home residency prior to admission | 0/169 (0.0%) | 13/349 (3.7%) | 13/518 (2.5%) |
| PSI Grade IV–V | 30/169 (17.8%) | 232/349 (66.5%) | 262/518 (50.6%) |
| CRB-65 score 0–1 points | 164/169 (97.0%) | 257/349 (73.6%) | 422/518 (81.5%) |
| CRB-65 score 2 points | 5/169 (3.0%) | 77/349 (22.1%) | 82/518 (15.8%) |
| CRB-65 score 3–4 points | 0/169 (0.0%) | 14/349 (4.0%) | 14/518 (2.7%) |
| Admission to ICU | 4/169 (2.4%) | 10/349 (2.9%) | 14/518 (2.7%) |
| Duration of hospital staya (median, IQR) | 5 (IQR 3, 6) | 7 (IQR 4,10) | 6 (IQR 4, 9) |
| In-hospital CFR | 1/169 (0.6%) | 18/349 (5.2%) | 19/518 (3.7%) |
| 30-day CFR | 2/169 (1.2%) | 19/349 (5.4%) | 21/518 (4.1%) |
| 90-day CFR | 3/169 (1.8%) | 40/349 (11.5%) | 43/518 (8.3%) |
Risk level: Immunocompromised − presence of ≥ 1 immunocompromising condition; underlying chronic medical condition − presence of ≥ 1 chronic medical condition and not immunocompromising condition; low-risk − absence of any immunocompromising or chronic medical conditions.
Immunosuppression; “prednisolone dos ≥10 mg/day (or equivalent), biological/immunomodulatory or chemotherapy drugs.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders i.e., IgG-subclass deficiency.
Prior influenza vaccine – vaccination with influenza vaccine in the year prior to enrollment.
Prior pneumococcal vaccine – any vaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
The denominator is different due to missing information.
CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; PSI Grade, pneumonia severity index grade.
CRB-65 score–score for pneumonia severity: confusion, respiratory rate ≥ 30, systolic BP < 90 mmHg or diastolic BP ≤ 60 mmHg, age ≥ 65; ICU, intensive care unit.