Table 2.

Characteristics of studies reporting on the use of ICG in pituitary adenomas.

Author	Year	Samples	Success (%)	Results	Note
Jeon et al. (42)	2019	8	100	Signal with an average SBR of 4.1 ± 0.69.	100% sensitivity but only 29% specificity for both functioning and nonfunctioning adenomas.
Amano et al. (41)	2019	15	100	The intensity of fluorescence of tumor and normal tissues showed clear differences.	These patients had complete removal of their tumor. Preservation of the gland, and restoration of normal endocrine function.
Verstegen et al. (45)	2016	10	50	In 9/10 cases, normal gland exhibited a stronger fluorescent signal than the adenoma, 5/10 adenomas had no fluorescent signal, 3/10 had only weak fluorescence, and 1 had a strong signal.	In 1 patient, no intensity of fluorescence distinction between the normal pituitary gland and adenoma.
Hide et al.	2015	26	Not applicable	The median of the peak color value was 123.0 for the normal gland, and 136.5 for pituitary adenomas.	No significant difference in the time at peak intensity between adenoma and normal gland.
Sandow et al. (43)	2015	22	100	11 tumors were visualized directly; 11 were seen indirectly due to lower ICG fluorescence intensity compared to surrounding tissue.	The fluorescence distinction between the normal pituitary gland and adenoma is clear.
Litvack et al. (44)	2012	12	92 (11/12)	In every case of nonfunctioning macroadenoma, a difference in fluorescence from the normal pituitary gland was noted.	Adenoma was less fluorescent than normal pituitary gland. 1 patient is excluded due to a dye cross-allergy.

SBR, signal-to-background ratio; Success was defined as the ability to detect NIR signal.