Table 3.
Effect of Race on All-Cause/CVD Mortality, Overall and by Cancer Stage, Age, and Sex
| All-Cause Mortality Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | CVD Mortality Subdistribution HR (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | ||
| NH White | ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.15 (1.14-1.15)c | 1.25 (1.23-1.27)c |
| Hispanic | 0.98 (0.97-0.99)c | 0.81 (0.79-0.82)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.85 (0.84-0.85)c | 0.78 (0.77-0.80)c |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.10 (1.08-1.13)c | 0.95 (0.89-1.03) |
| By aged | ||
| 18-54 y | ||
| NH White | ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.33 (1.31-1.36)c | 1.76 (1.67-1.85)c |
| Hispanic | 1.11 (1.09-1.13)c | 0.79 (0.73-0.85)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.91 (0.89-0.94)c | 0.85 (0.77-0.94)e |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.25 (1.15-1.35)c | 1.23 (0.96-1.57) |
| 55 y and older | ||
| NH White | ref | Ref |
| NH Black | 1.12 (1.11-1.13)c | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) |
| Hispanic | 0.97 (0.95-0.98)f | 0.75 (0.74-0.77)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.83 (0.82-0.85)c | 0.78 (0.76-0.8)c |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.08 (1.03-1.13)f | 0.80 (0.74-0.87)c |
| By sexg | ||
| Male | ||
| NH White | Ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.11 (1.1-1.12)c | 1.25 (1.23-1.28)c |
| Hispanic | 0.98 (0.97-0.99)c | 0.80 (0.78-0.82)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.87 (0.87-0.88)c | 0.81 (0.79-0.83)c |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.10 (1.07-1.14)c | 0.98 (0.89-1.08) |
| Female | ||
| NH White | ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.19 (1.18-1.19)c | 1.24 (1.21-1.27)c |
| Hispanic | 0.98 (0.97-0.99)c | 0.83 (0.81-0.85)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.82 (0.81-0.83)c | 0.76 (0.74-0.79)c |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.11 (1.07-1.15)c | 0.93 (0.83-1.05) |
| By stageh | ||
| Localized | ||
| NH White | ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.24 (1.23-1.25)c | 1.25 (1.23-1.27)c |
| Hispanic | 0.95 (0.94-0.96)c | 0.81 (0.79-0.82)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.82 (0.81-0.83)c | 0.76 (0.74-0.78)c |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.21 (1.16-1.26)c | 0.99 (0.90-1.08) |
| Regional | ||
| NH White | ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.18 (1.17-1.19)c | 1.21 (1.18-1.25)c |
| Hispanic | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.78 (0.75-0.81)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.88 (0.87-0.89)c | 0.77 (0.74-0.80)c |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.12 (1.06-1.17)c | 0.87 (0.73-1.03) |
| Distant | ||
| NH White | ref | ref |
| NH Black | 1.02 (1.02-1.03)c | 1.27 (1.22-1.31)c |
| Hispanic | 0.96 (0.95-0.97)c | 0.84 (0.80-0.88)c |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.85 (0.84-0.86)c | 0.93 (0.88-0.98)e |
| NH American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) | 0.94 (0.77-1.15) |
Cox regression model adjusting for demographics (sex, age at diagnosis, marital status, year of diagnosis, median household income, rural/urban residence), cancer stage, cancer site, and initial treatment (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy).
Fine and Gray’s competing risk method (subdistribution hazard function) adjusting for same covariates.
P < 0.001.
Interactions between age and race and ethnicity groups were all significant (P < 0.001).
P < 0.01.
P < 0.05.
Interactions between sex and race and ethnicity groups were all significant (P < 0.001) except for sex × NH American Indian/Alaska Native.
Interactions between stage and race and ethnicity groups were all significant (P < 0.001) except for stage × NH American Indian/Alaska Native.