Table 1.
Gene list which has a role in male fertility using GM techniques
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| Gene name | Phenotype | Reference |
| Defb41 | Changes in sperm motility and decreased bonding with the egg by in vitro study | 24 |
| Defb23/26, Defb23/26/42 | Subfertility, decreased motility, premature capacitation | 22 |
| Defb1/2/9/10/11/13/15/35/ 50 | Decreased sperm motility, increased sperm fragility, premature capacitation, decreased bonding with the egg | 25 |
| Brca2 | Spermatocytes stop early in prophase I | 26 |
| Crisp2/Crisp4 | Inflammation of the epididymis resulting in decreased sperm viability and decreased fertility rates | 27 |
| Catsper and KSper | Infertility without apparent systemic effects | 28 |
| Ercc1 | Increased DNA damage in testes, increased apoptosis in germ cells | 29 |
| Eif4g3 | Stopped at the stage of meiosis, spermatocytes fail to exit prophase through the G2/MI transition | 30 |
| Eppin | Reduction of sperm motility | 31 |
| Gpx4 | Sperm count decreased significantly, infertility in males, reduced sperm motility, swollen mitochondrial membrane | 32 |
| Fkbp6 | Stopping at the pachytene stage and increasing apoptosis in germ cells | 33 |
| Fimp | Completely infertility or severely subfertile | 34 |
| H1fnt | Oligoasthenoteratospermia, DNA fragmentation, spermatids contain a lot of residual cytoplasms | 35 |
| Hipk4 | Infertile | 36 |
| Izumo1 | Infertile | 37 |
| Lmtk 2 | Stop at spermatid stage, azoospermia | 38 |
| M2y2 (Ybx2) | Abnormal and multinuclear sperm morphology in spermatids | 39 |
| Nanos3 | Total loss of spermatogonia | 40 |
| Paf-ah1b1 (Lis1) | Acrosome damage and tail formation | 41 |
| Rec8 | Abnormal sister chromosome synapses, azoospermia | 42 |
| Slo3 | Male infertility | 43 |
| Spink2 | Oligoasthenoteratospermia to azoospermia | 44 |
| Sof1, Spaca6 | Completely infertile or severely subfertile | 45 |
| Tekt2 | Sperm motility decreased significantly | 46 |
| Tmem95 | Completely infertile or severely subfertile | 45 |
| Tssk1/Tssk2 | Infertility | 47 |
| Defb: Beta defensin, Brca2: Breast cancer 2, Crisp: Cysteine-RIch secretory protein, Catsper/KSper: Cation channel, sperm associated 1, Ercc1: Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1, Eif4g3: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 3, Eppin: Epididymal peptidase inhibitor, Gpx4: Glutathione peroxidase 4, Fkbp6: FK506 binding protein 6, Fimp: Fertilization influencing membrane protein, H1fnt: H1.7 linker histone, Hipk4: Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 4, Izumo1: Izumo sperm-egg fusion 1, Lmtk 2: Lemur tyrosine kinase 2, M2y2/Ybx2:Y box protein 2, Nanos3: nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 3, Paf-ah1b1: Platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase, isoform 1b, subunit 1, Rec8: REC8 meiotic recombination protein, Slo3/Kcnu1: Kalium channel, subfamily U, member 1, Spink2: Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal, Sof1: Sperm-oocyte fusion required 1, Spaca6: Sperm acrosome associated 6, Tekt2: Tektin-t, Tmem95: Transmembrane protein 95, Tssk: Testis specific ser/thr kinase | ||