Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Baseline characteristic | MAFLD, n (%) N = 113 (44.0) | MAFLD-HCC, n (%) N = 144 (56.0) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, IQR) | 53.3 (13) | 71.6 (10) | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 66 (58.4) | 107 (74.3) | 0.02 |
| Female | 47 (41.6) | 37 (25.7) | |
| BMI (mean, IQR) (N = 188) | 30.3 (6.1) | 31.2 (7.9) | 0.27 |
| Metabolic syndrome* (present) (N = 193) | 34 (33.7) | 81 (88.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (present) (N = 243) | 40 (38.1) | 108 (78.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (present) (N = 162) | 40 (38.8) | 48 (81.4) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity** | |||
| White | 57 (50.4) | 110 (76.4) | |
| Asian | 18 (15.9) | 16 (11.1) | |
| Black | 13 (11.5) | 3 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Middle Eastern | 4 (3.5) | 6 (4.2) | |
| Chinese | 3 (2.7) | 3 (2.1) | |
| Other | 18 (15.9) | 6 (4.2) | |
| HBA1C (mean, IQR) (N = 116)*** | 44.0 (7.0) | 48.6 (33.8) | 0.35 |
| Total cholesterol (mean, IQR) (N = 141)*** | 4.9 (1.3) | 3.9 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride levels (mean, IQR) (N = 140)*** | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.8) | <0.01 |
| HDL levels (mean, IQR) (N = 118)*** | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.47 |
| Cirrhosis | |||
| Absent | 89 (84.8) | 36 (25.2) | <0.001 |
| Present | 16 (15.2) | 107 (74.8) | |
| Child-Turcotte-Pugh class (N = 241) | |||
| A | 100 (99.0) | 99 (70.7) | |
| B | 1 (1.0) | 35 (25.0) | <0.001 |
| C | 6 (4.3) | ||
| BCLC (N = 127) | |||
| A | 37 (29.1) | ||
| B | 39 (30.7) | ||
| C | 39 (30.7) | ||
| D | 12 (9.4) | ||
| Maximum tumor diameter (N = 128) | |||
| ≤7 cm | 92 (71.9) | ||
| >7 cm | 36 (28.1) | ||
| PVT (N = 127) | |||
| Absent | 69 (54.3) | ||
| Present | 58 (45.7) | ||
| Metastases (N = 112)**** | |||
| Absent | 94 (83.4) | ||
| Present | 18 (16.0) | ||
| Treatments, n | |||
| 0 | 18 (12.8) | ||
| 1 | 105 (72.9) | ||
| 2 | 4 (2.8) | ||
| >3 | 7 (4.9) | ||
| OS | 23.0 (17.71–28.83) | ||
*
Metabolic syndrome defined according to WHO 1999 criteria. Data regarding metabolic syndrome were not available for Mt Sinai cohort.
**
Other as identified by patients (N = 24).
***
Data pertaining for HBAIC, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL levels not available for Newcastle, Mt Sinai, and Bologna cohort.
****
Presence of extrahepatic disease not available for Sydney cohort.