Table 2.
Characteristics of Luvisol before the experiment.
| Parameters | Soil | Rating | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sand (%) | 21.40 | – | |
| Silt (%) | 32.70 | – | |
| Clay (%) | 45.90 | – | |
| Textural Class | Clay loam | [35] | |
| BD (g cm−3) | 1.32 | Optimum | [36] |
| Exch. Ac (cmol (+) kg−1) | 2.04 | – | – |
| Exch. Al (cmol (+) kg−1) | 1.26 | High | [37] |
| Soil pH (water: soil, 1:2.5) | 4.97 | Strongly acidic | [33] |
| SOC (%) | 2.11 | Low | [33] |
| TN (%) | 0.14 | Low | [37] |
| AP (mg kg−1) | 8.50 | Low | [33] |
| Ca2+ (cmol (+) kg−1) | 8.17 | Medium | [34] |
| Mg2+ (cmol (+) kg−1) | 1.45 | Medium | [34] |
| K+ (cmol (+) kg−1) | 0.28 | Medium | [34] |
| Na+ (cmol (+) kg−1) | 0.09 | Very low | [34] |
| CEC (cmol (+) kg−1) | 22.93 | Medium | [34] |
BD = bulk density; soil pH = soil reaction; Exch. Ac = exchangeable acidity; Exch. Al = exchangeable aluminium; SOC = soil organic carbon; TN = total nitrogen; AP = available phosphorus; Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ = exchangeable calcium; magnesium; potassium and sodium respectively CEC = Cation exchange capacity.