Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Underwent Surgery Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemica.
| Characteristic | Patient cohort | |
|---|---|---|
| Before the COVID-19 pandemicb (n = 823 746) | During the COVID-19 pandemicc (n = 164 690) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.3 (16.1) | 55.1 (16.1) |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 344 534 (41.8) | 69 193 (42.0) |
| Women | 479 200 (58.2) | 95 483 (58.0) |
| Nonbinary | 11 (0.001) | 14 (0.01) |
| Not reported | 1 (0.0001) | 0 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||
| Black or African American | 84 342 (10.2) | 16 446 (10.0) |
| Hispanic White | 53 321 (6.5) | 11 977 (7.3) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 528 356 (64.1) | 95 231 (57.8) |
| Other or unknownd | 157 727 (19.1) | 41 036 (24.9) |
| BMI | ||
| <18.5 | 6556 (0.8) | 1509 (0.9) |
| 18.5-24.9 | 160 860 (19.5) | 33 536 (20.4) |
| 25.0-29.9 | 243 610 (29.6) | 51 109 (31.0) |
| ≥30.0 | 404 659 (49.1) | 76 162 (46.2) |
| Not reported | 8061 (1.0) | 2374 (1.4) |
| ASA class | ||
| I-II | 490 003 (59.5) | 97 409 (59.1) |
| III-IV | 332 721 (40.4) | 67 078 (40.7) |
| Not reported | 1022 (0.1) | 203 (0.1) |
| Functional status | ||
| Independent | 811 682 (98.5) | 162 560 (98.7) |
| Partially dependent | 5221 (0.6) | 1039 (0.6) |
| Totally dependent | 688 (0.1) | 127 (0.1) |
| Not reported | 6155 (0.7) | 964 (0.6) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes | 115 148 (14.0) | 22 097 (13.4) |
| Current smoker | 118 679 (14.4) | 21 722 (13.2) |
| Severe COPD | 23 702 (2.9) | 4393 (2.7) |
| Chronic steroid use | 22 498 (2.7) | 4975 (3.0) |
| Hypertension | 334 454 (40.6) | 65 068 (39.5) |
| Procedure | ||
| Minimally invasive colectomy | ||
| For cancer | 63 300 (7.7) | 14 503 (8.8) |
| For benign disease | 35 058 (4.3) | 7900 (4.8) |
| Breast lumpectomy | 58 323 (7.1) | 14 308 (8.7) |
| Mastectomy | 44 063 (5.3) | 10 603 (6.4) |
| Minimally invasive cholecystectomy | 173 280 (21.0) | 37 315 (22.7) |
| Minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair | 57 544 (7.0) | 13 526 (8.2) |
| Open inguinal hernia repair | 86 042 (10.4) | 15 251 (9.3) |
| Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair | 63 771 (7.7) | 13 144 (8.0) |
| Open umbilical hernia repair | 66 207 (8.0) | 10 861 (6.6) |
| Minimally invasive fundoplication | 7235 (0.9) | 1299 (0.8) |
| Minimally invasive sleeve gastrectomy | 55 578 (6.7) | 4571 (2.8) |
| Minimally invasive gastric bypass | 25 781 (3.1) | 2868 (1.7) |
| Parathyroidectomy | 21 750 (2.6) | 4595 (2.8) |
| Thyroid lobectomy | 22 225 (2.7) | 4774 (2.9) |
| Total thyroidectomy | 40 298 (4.9) | 8366 (5.1) |
| Minimally invasive adrenalectomy | 3291 (0.4) | 806 (0.5) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as No. (%) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
b
Defined as the period spanning January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019.
c
Defined as the period spanning January 1 to December 31, 2020.
d
Includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, other race or ethnicity, or unknown race or ethnicity.