Table 2. Odds of Undergoing Outpatient General Surgery Procedures Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
| Procedure | Year | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI)a | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimally invasive colectomy for cancer | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.15 (0.89-1.47) | .29 | 1.15 (0.89-1.48) | .28 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.08 (0.86-1.36) | .51 | 1.09 (0.87-1.38) | .47 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.14 (0.92-1.41) | .22 | 1.16 (0.94-1.44) | .17 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.19 (0.97-1.45) | .10 | 1.21 (0.99-1.48) | .07 | |
| Lumpectomy for cancer | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.10 (1.02-1.19) | .02 | 1.09 (1.00-1.18) | .04 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | .83 | 1.01 (0.93-1.09) | .81 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.08 (1.00-1.17) | .05 | 1.10 (1.02-1.19) | .02 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.35 (1.24-1.47) | <.001 | 1.34 (1.23-1.46) | <.001 | |
| Mastectomy for cancer | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.22 (1.12-1.33) | <.001 | 1.22 (1.11-1.33) | <.001 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.21 (1.11-1.31) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.11-1.31) | <.001 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.10 (1.02-1.19) | .02 | 1.10 (1.02-1.19) | .02 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 2.44 (2.28-2.61) | <.001 | 2.49 (2.33-2.67) | .001 | |
| Minimally invasive adrenalectomy | 2017 vs 2016 | 0.54 (0.25-1.14) | .11 | 0.51 (0.24-1.09) | .08 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 3.47 (1.76-6.84) | <.001 | 3.62 (1.83-7.15) | <.001 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.31 (0.85-2.01) | .22 | 1.31 (0.85-2.02) | .22 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.96 (1.37-2.81) | <.001 | 1.93 (1.34-2.77) | <.001 | |
| Thyroid lobectomy for cancer | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.08 (1.00-1.17) | .04 | 1.09 (1.01-1.18) | .03 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.16 (1.08-1.25) | <.001 | 1.16 (1.08-1.25) | <.001 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.01 (0.94-1.08) | .85 | 1.01 (0.93-1.08) | .88 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.43 (1.32-1.55) | <.001 | 1.43 (1.32-1.54) | <.001 | |
| Minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.03 (0.94-1.13) | .51 | 1.07 (0.97-1.18) | .16 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.07 (0.98-1.17) | .12 | 1.09 (0.99-1.19) | .07 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 0.93 (0.86-1.02) | .11 | 0.93 (0.85-1.02) | .11 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.04 (0.96-1.14) | .36 | 1.04 (0.96-1.14) | .34 | |
| Open inguinal hernia repair | 2017 vs 2016 | 0.98 (0.92-1.04) | .52 | 1.01 (0.95-1.08) | .76 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 0.97 (0.91-1.03) | .29 | 0.97 (0.91-1.04) | .40 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 0.93 (0.87-0.99) | .02 | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | .03 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.07 (1.00-1.14) | .05 | 1.08 (1.01-1.15) | .04 | |
| Minimally invasive ventral hernia repair | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.07 (1.02-1.12) | .005 | 1.07 (1.02-1.12) | .006 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.13 (1.08-1.18) | <.001 | 1.14 (1.09-1.20) | <.001 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.09 (1.05-1.14) | <.001 | 1.11 (1.06-1.17) | <.001 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.21 (1.15-1.27) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.15-1.27) | <.001 | |
| Open umbilical hernia repair | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.02 (0.94-1.11) | .61 | 1.02 (0.93-1.11) | .71 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 0.91 (0.84-0.99) | .02 | 0.93 (0.85-1.01) | .07 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.00 (0.92-1.08) | .94 | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | .79 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.01 (0.92-1.10) | .85 | 1.00 (0.91-1.10) | .95 | |
| Minimally invasive sleeve gastrectomy | 2017 vs 2016 | 0.92 (0.72-1.17) | .49 | 0.92 (0.72-1.16) | .47 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 0.98 (0.75-1.28) | .90 | 0.99 (0.76-1.29) | .92 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.29 (0.95-1.76) | .11 | 1.25 (0.92-1.71) | .16 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 2.52 (1.86-3.40) | <.001 | 2.56 (1.89-3.48) | <.001 | |
| Minimally invasive gastric bypass | 2017 vs 2016 | 0.81 (0.52-1.26) | .35 | 0.80 (0.52-1.25) | .33 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.15 (0.71-1.87) | .56 | 1.14 (0.71-1.85) | .59 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.09 (0.63-1.87) | .76 | 1.07 (0.62-1.84) | .80 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.40 (0.79-2.51) | .25 | 1.30 (0.72-2.36) | .38 | |
| Parathyroidectomy | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.03 (0.95-1.11) | .50 | 1.05 (0.97-1.14) | .23 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.16 (1.08-1.26) | <.001 | 1.15 (1.06-1.25) | <.001 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.03 (0.96-1.12) | .38 | 1.04 (0.96-1.12) | .32 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.22 (1.13-1.32) | <.001 | 1.24 (1.14-1.34) | <.001 | |
| Minimally invasive cholecystectomy | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.05 (1.02-1.08) | <.001 | 1.06 (1.03-1.09) | <.001 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | .97 | 1.01 (0.98-1.04) | .73 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | .66 | 1.00 (0.97-1.02) | .74 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 0.93 (0.91-0.96) | <.001 | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | <.001 | |
| Minimally invasive fundoplication | 2017 vs 2016 | 0.95 (0.73-1.22) | .66 | 0.96 (0.74-1.24) | .75 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 0.98 (0.76-1.26) | .86 | 0.98 (0.76-1.27) | .87 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.48 (1.16-1.88) | .001 | 1.52 (1.20-1.94) | <.001 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.22 (0.97-1.53) | .10 | 1.20 (0.95-1.52) | .12 | |
| Minimally invasive colectomy for benign disease | 2017 vs 2016 | 1.17 (0.73-1.89) | .52 | 1.19 (0.74-1.92) | .47 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 0.66 (0.41-1.09) | .10 | 0.64 (0.39-1.06) | .08 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 0.91 (0.53-1.55) | .72 | 0.90 (0.52-1.55) | .70 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.25 (0.73-2.13) | .42 | 1.35 (0.79-2.31) | .28 | |
| Total thyroidectomy for cancer | 2017 vs 2016 | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | .48 | 0.98 (0.90-1.06) | .56 |
| 2018 vs 2017 | 1.19 (1.10-1.29) | <.001 | 1.19 (1.10-1.29) | <.001 | |
| 2019 vs 2018 | 1.05 (0.97-1.13) | .26 | 1.05 (0.97-1.13) | .23 | |
| 2020 vs 2019 | 1.51 (1.40-1.62) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.42-1.65) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
a
Covariates adjusted for in multivariable logistic regression models included American Society of Anesthesiologists class, age, smoking status, sex, and body mass index.