Table 4.

Multivariate regression analysis for DASS-21 scores by linear regression analysis (all groups).

	Multivariate regression (R2 = 0.463)
	Slope (SE)	Zero-order correlation	Partial correlation	p-value
Gender (Female)	6.072 (1.265)	0.200	0.119	< 0.001**
Age	− 1.111 (0.698)	− 0.053	− 0.040	0.111
Education attainment	0.564 (0.505)	− 0.062	0.028	0.265
Nationality
Polish vs. Taiwanese	27.541 (2.144)	-0.031	0.306	< 0.001**
Ukrainian vs. Taiwanese	36.055 (2.455)	0.231	0.344	< 0.001**
Marital status	− 0.510 (0.727)	0.019	0.019	0.483
Employment status	− 0.292 (0.716)	− 0.033	− 0.018	0.684
Refugee status	2.686 (2.285)	0.131	0.029	0.240
Parental status	2.351 (1.367)	0.027	0.043	0.086
Household size	0.911 (0.746)	0.004	0.030	0.041*
Family monthly income (USD)	− 0.000 (0.000)	− 0.005	− 0.015	0.558
Having a religious faith	− 0.517 (1.148)	0.051	− 0.011	0.653
Self-rating health status	3.888 (0.511)	0.283	0.187	< 0.001**
Presence of medical insurance	− 3.339(1.741)	− 0.149	− 0.048	0.055
Presence of chronic illness	3.744 (1.371)	0.139	0.068	0.011*
Past COVID-19 infection	1.522 (1.130)	0.109	0.034	0.178
Past psychiatric history	7.843 (1.171)	0.244	0.165	< 0.001**
Experience of past trauma	0.828 (1.255)	0.042	0.016	0.510
Presence of social support	− 9.339 (2.005)	− 0.108	− 0.116	< 0.001**
Brief-COPE score
Problem-focused coping	− 4.559 (1.113)	0.005	− 0.102	< 0.001**
Emotion-focused coping	7.043 (1.639)	0.113	0.107	< 0.001**
Avoidant coping	24.123 (1.171)	0.395	0.458	< 0.001**

*p < 0.05.

**p < 0.01.