Table 5.
Multivariable analysis of factors associated with hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia and low Hgb level among adult patients with cancer on treatment follow up at JMC, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 176)
| Variables | Categories | Hypoalbuminemia | AOR & 95%CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes N (%) | ||||
| Sex | Male | 34(63) | 1 | 0.307 |
| Female | 53(43.4) | 0.62(0.24–1.56) | ||
| Loss of appetite | No | 13(33.3) | 1 | 0.359 |
| Yes | 74(54) | 0.62(0.23–1.71) | ||
| change in weight | Weight gain or No change | 5(23.8) | 1 | |
| Moderate weight loss | 31(41.3) | 1.89(0.51–7.03) | 0.338 | |
| Severe weight loss | 51(63.7) | 2.27(0.58–9.02) | 0.241 | |
| Nutritional status | Well-nourished | 16(23.5) | 1 | |
| Malnourished | 71(65.7 ) | 3.9(1.81–8.4) | 0.001** | |
| Type of cancer | Breast cancer | 23(39 ) | 1 | |
| Genitourinary cancer | 25(43.9) | 1.15(0.50–2.64) | 0.727 | |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 31(73.8) | 3.39(1.29–8.88) | 0.013** | |
| Others | 8(44.4 ) | 1.71(0.51–5.68) | 0.384 | |
| Stage of cancer | Stage I | 4(22.2) | 1 | |
| Stage II | 9(27.3) | 2.09(0.45–9.74) | 0.347 | |
| Stage III | 27(51.9 ) | 3.64(0.87–15.18) | 0.076 | |
| Stage IV | 47(64.4) | 4.98(1.23–20.07) | 0.024** | |
| Hypoproteinemia | AOR & 95%CI | p-value | ||
| Yes N (%) | ||||
| Age in year | 18–34 | 4(14.8) | 1 | |
| 35–54 | 30(32.6) | 2.88(0.86–9.60) | 0.084 | |
| 55–64 | 13(40.6) | 3.62(0.94–13.99) | 0.061 | |
| > 64 | 13(52) | 6.44(1.55–26.67) | 0.01** | |
| Sex | Male | 25(46.3) | 1 | 0.843 |
| Female | 35(28.7) | 0.91(0.34–2.39) | ||
| Loss of appetite | No | 9(18) | 1 | 0.22 |
| Yes | 51(40.5) | 2.01(0.67–6.08) | ||
| Nutritional status | Well-nourished | 12(17.6 ) | 1 | 0.004** |
| Malnourished | 48(44.4) | 3.14(1.43–6.94) | ||
| Type of cancer | Breast cancer | 16(27.15 ) | 1 | |
| Genitourinary cancer | 15(26.35 ) | 0.80(0.34–1.91) | 0.623 | |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 25(59.5) | 2.92(1.01–6.29) | 0.048** | |
| Others | 4(22.2) | 0.82(0.22–3.09) | 0.769 | |
| Stage of cancer | Stage I | 5(27.8 ) | 1 | |
| Stage II | 7(21.2 ) | 0.85(0.19–3.76) | 0.828 | |
| Stage III | 16(30.8) | 0.93(0.24–3.68) | 0.923 | |
| Stage IV | 32(43.8 ) | 1.28(0.35–4.76) | 0.709 | |
| Low Hgb level | AOR & 95%CI | P-value | ||
| Yes N (%) | ||||
| Age | 18–34 | 11(40.7) | 1 | |
| 35–54 | 43(46.7) | 1(0.35–2.82) | 0.985 | |
| 55–64 | 18(56.3 ) | 1.34(0.39–4.57) | 0.637 | |
| > 64 | 16(64.0 ) | 3.29(0.82–13.10) | 0.091 | |
| Sex | Male | 32(59.3 ) | 1 | |
| Female | 56(45.9) | 0.77(0.33–1.77) | 0.541 | |
| Change In Weight | Weight gain or No change | 4(19.0 ) | 1 | |
| Moderate weight loss | 32( 42.7 ) | 2.65(0.63–11.14) | 0.182 | |
| Severe weight loss | 52(65 ) | 3.72(0.802–17.32) | 0.093 | |
| Nutritional status | Well-nourished | 16(23.5) | 1 | 0.000** |
| Malnourished | 72(66.7) | 3.8(1.82–8.2) | ||
| Type of cancer | Breast cancer | 26(44.1) | 1 | |
| Genitourinary cancer | 27(47.4) | 0.78(0.3–1.99) | 0.616 | |
| Gastrointestinal cancer | 28(66.7) | 1.05(0.31–3.59) | 0.930 | |
| Other | 6(38.9) | 0.57(0.12–2.71) | 0.482 | |
| Stage of cancer | Stage I | 5(27.8) | 1 | |
| Stage II | 3(9.1) | 0.26(0.051-`1.37) | 0.105 | |
| Stage III | 28(53.8) | 2.08(0.60–7.15) | 0.245 | |
| Stage IV | 52(71.2 ) | 3.94 (1.11–13.35) | 0.027** | |
| Type of cancer treatment | Chemotherapy | 63(46.7) | 1 | |
| chemo radiotherapy | 22(68.8 ) | 2.35(0.883–6.26) | 0.087 | |
| surgery | 3(33.3) | 1.91(0.29–12.36) | 0.493 |
Key: **: - variables which are significant at p-value less than 0.05 1 = reference category AOR: Adjusted odds ratio