Table 1.
Literature of the study
| Methodology | 1st stage inputs | 2nd stage inputs | Outputs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barros and Peypoch (2009) | Bootstrapped DEA |
Employees Operational cost Planes |
Revenue Passenger- Kilometers (RPK) EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) |
||
| Wang et al. (2011) | DEA |
Employees, Fuel expense Planes |
Available Seat Miles (ASM) Revenue Passenger Miles (RPM) Non-Passenger Revenue |
||
| Chang et al. (2014) | SBM-DEA |
Employees Available Ton- Kilometers (ATK) |
Revenue Ton-Kilometers (RTK) Profits Carbon emissions |
||
| Cao et al. (2015) | Malmquist productivity index |
Labor Fuel Number of aircrafts |
Total flights RTK |
||
| Li et al. (2015) | Network SBM-DEA |
Employees Aviation Kerosene |
Available Seat Kilometers (ASK) ATK Fleet Size |
RPK RTK Sales Costs |
|
| Cui and Li (2017a) | Dynamic DEA |
Employees Aviation Kerosene |
RTK RPK Total Revenue |
||
| Wang et al. (2019) | DEA-Grey model |
Fleet Total Assets Operating Expenses |
RPK ASK |
||
| Huang et al. (2020) | Malmquist productivity index |
Fleet size Employees |
RPK CO2 emissions |
||
| Heydari et al. (2020) | Fuzzy DEA-RAM |
Employees Fleet seats |
ASK ATK Scheduled Flights |
RPK RTK |
|
| Lin and Hong (2020) | Network DEA |
Employees Operating expenses |
ASK ATK |
RPK RTK Total operating revenue |
|
| Tavassoli et al. (2020) | Stochastic super-efficiency DEA |
Number of labors Number of airplanes Number of flights Average flight time |
Passenger Kilometers Cargo-plane (Kilometers) Ton- Kilometers |
||
| Omrani et al. (2021) | BWM-RDEA |
Employees ASK ATK Fleet seats |
The number of flights RPK RTK |
||
| Pereira and de Mello (2021) | Multi-criteria DEA |
Number of Take-offs ATK Fuel consumed |
RTK | ||
| Xu et al. (2021) | Directional distance function DEA model |
Number of employment Operating expense Fuel consumed |
Revenue-ton-mile GHG emission Flight delay |
||
| Li and Cui (2021) | Dynamic environmental CEM |
Employees Aviation kerosene |
Total revenue GHG emissions |
||
| Saini et al. (2022) | Dynamic DEA models | 1st phase |
Operating Costs Abatement expense |
ASM Estimated CO2 emissions |
RPM Actual CO2 emissions |
| 2nd phase |
Abatement expense Estimated CO2 emissions; ASM |
RPM Actual CO2 emissions |
Operating revenues | ||
| Omrani et al. (2022) | DEA models |
Fleet Size ASK ATK |
Seat-kilometer performed Ton-kilometer performed Number of employees CO2 emissions |
||
| Yu and See (2022) | Network DEA |
Fleet size Employees Fuel consumed |
ASK ATK |
CO2 emissions RPK RTK |
|
| Khezrimotlagh et al. (2022) | Network DEA |
Maintenance cost Salaries and Benefits Cost Fuel costs Fleet size |
ASM ATM |
RPM; RTM |
|
| Mahmoudi and Emrouznejad (2022) | Network SBM |
Employees Number of seats |
ASK; ATK Number of flights |
Passenger kilometer performed Ton-kilometer performed |
|