Table 1:
Characteristics of the study sample
| Study population (n=4337) | Exposed to childhood maltreatment (n=1742) |
Not exposed to childhood maltreatment (n=2212) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of pregnancies | 4337 | 1742 | 2212 | ·· |
| Maternal age at delivery, years | ||||
| Participants with available data | 4311 (99·4%) | 1733 (99·5%) | 2203 (99·6%) | ·· |
| Mean (SD) | 28·74 (6·15) | 28·31 (6·21) | 29·53 (5·85) | <0·0001 |
| Paternal age at delivery, years | ||||
| Participants with available data | 2921 (67·4%) | 1154 (66·2%) | 1626 (73·5%) | ·· |
| Mean (SD) | 31·72 (7·09) | 31·54 (7·15) | 31·54 (7·15) | 0·1 |
| Race of child | ||||
| Participants with available data | 4112 (94·8%) | 1682 (96·6%) | 2107 (95·3%) | ·· |
| White | 2156/4112 (52·4%) | 880/1682 (52·3%) | 1234/2107 (58·6%) | ·· |
| Black or African American | 1201/4112 (29·2%) | 496/1682 (29·5%) | 463/2107 (22·0%) | ·· |
| Multiracial | 519/4112 (12·6%) | 226/1682 (13·4%) | 241/2107 (11·4%) | ·· |
| Other | 236/4112 (5·7%) | 80/1682 (4·8%) | 169/2107 (8·0%) | <0·0001 |
| Ethnicity of child | ||||
| Participants with available data | 4282 (98·7%) | 1726 (99·1%) | 2184 (98·7%) | |
| Hispanic | 1173/4282 (274%) | 445/1726 (25·8%) | 655/2184 (30·0%) | ·· |
| Non-Hispanic | 3109/4282 (72·6%) | 1281/1726 (74·2%) | 1529/2184 (70·0%) | 0·004 |
| Maternal education | ||||
| Participants with available data | 2767 (63·8%) | 1111 (63·8%) | 1564 (70·7%) | ·· |
| Less than high school | 256/2767 (9·3%) | 113/1111 (10·2%) | 136/1564 (8·7%) | ·· |
| High school degree, GED, or equivalent | 438/2767 (15·8%) | 201/1111 (18·1%) | 216/1564 (13·8%) | ·· |
| Some college education (no degree), or higher | 2073/2767 (74·9%) | 797/1111 (71·7%) | 1212/1564 (77·5%) | 0·003 |
| Combined household income (US$) within 1 year of birth | ||||
| Participants with available data | 3078 (71·0%) | 1271 (73·0%) | 1460 (66·0%) | ·· |
| <30 000 | 970/3078 (31·5%) | 422/1271 (33·2%) | 333/1460 (22·8%) | ·· |
| 30 000–49 999 | 534/3078 (17·3%) | 266/1271 (20·9%) | 188/1460 (12·9%) | ·· |
| 50 000–74 999 | 419/3078 (13·6%) | 181/1271 (14·2%) | 217/1460 (14·9%) | ·· |
| ≥75 000 | 1155/3078 (37·5%) | 402/1271 (31·6%) | 722/1460 (49·5%) | <0·0001 |
| Sex of child | ||||
| Participants with available data | 4328 (99·8%) | 1740 (99·9%) | 2205 (99·7%) | ·· |
| Male | 2237/4328 (51·7%) | 876/1740 (50·3%) | 1133/2205 (51·4%) | ·· |
| Female | 2091/4328 (48·3%) | 864/1740 (49·7%) | 1072/2205 (48·6%) | 0·52 |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD). Childhood maltreatment was defined as exposure to abuse or neglect. 383 participants from the total population could not be classified as having been exposed to childhood maltreatment or not exposed to childhood maltreatment, thus frequencies presented for the two exposure groups do not sum to the frequencies of the total study population. GED=General Educational Development.