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. 2023 Mar 3;2023(3):CD014876. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014876.pub2

Comparison 1. Tramadol versus no treatment or placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 All‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization 1 71 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.01, 7.70]