. 2023 Feb 16;62(8):3503–3514. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04132

Table 3. Elemental Analysis, Ash Content, and Estimated Higher Heating Value (HHV) of Dried Macroalga Residue (DMR), DMR < 500 μm Size Fraction (DMR_<500), and Solid Residues after SW Treatment at Lab Scale and Pilot Scale, Expressed as % (w/w) ± Standard Deviation^a.

sample	C (%)	N (%)	H (%)	S (%)	O (%)	ashes (%)	H:C	O:C	N:C	HHV (kJ/kg)
DMR	36 ± 1^bc	4.2 ± 0.4^c	5.9 ± 0.2^e	0.21 ± 0.05^c	32.3 ± 0.3^e	21.8 ± 1.1^d	2.0 ± 0.1^d	0.68 ± 0.03^c	0.11 ± 0.01^c	14,987 ± 466^b
DMR_<500	38 ± 1^c	3.6 ± 0.1^b	5.6 ± 0.2^cd	0.70 ± 0.05^d	27.2 ± 1.4^c	24.9 ± 1.0^e	1.8 ± 0.2^cd	0.54 ± 0.09^b	0.08 ± 0.02^b	15,789 ± 250^d
lab 130 °C	34.8 ± 1.8^b	3.8 ± 0.3^bc	4.7 ± 0.3^b	0.23 ± 0.04^c	38 ± 2^f	17.8 ± 1.3^b	1.6 ± 0.1^bc	0.83 ± 0.16^d	0.09 ± 0.01^b	15,217 ± 618^c
lab 175 °C	36 ± 1^bc	3.5 ± 0.1^b	4.6 ± 0.2^b	0.09 ± 0.08^b	23.1 ± 1.4^b	32.9 ± 0.7^f	1.5 ± 0.1^b	0.5 ± 0.1^b	0.08 ± 0.02^b	15,476 ± 318^cd
pilot 130 °C	41.7 ± 0.9^d	3.9 ± 0.1^bc	5.5 ± 0.1^c	0.20 ± 0.03^c	28.5 ± 0.9^c	20.2 ± 0.2^c	1.6 ± 0.1^bc	0.51 ± 0.07^b	0.08 ± 0.01^b	17,087 ± 200^e
pilot 175 °C	40.7 ± 0.2^d	4.2 ± 0.1^c	5.80 ± 0.03^de	0.22 ± 0.01^c	30.4 ± 0.2^d	18.7 ± 0.1^b	1.7 ± 0.1^bc	0.56 ± 0.01^b	0.09 ± 0.01^b	16,877 ± 38^e

Values with different letters in each row are significantly different when applying the LSD method at p value ≤0.05 (C, carbon; H, hydrogen; N, nitrogen; S, sulfur; and O, oxygen (n = 3 technical replicates) (oxygen content was estimated by the difference).

Table 3. Elemental Analysis, Ash Content, and Estimated Higher Heating Value (HHV) of Dried Macroalga Residue (DMR), DMR < 500 μm Size Fraction (DMR<500), and Solid Residues after SW Treatment at Lab Scale and Pilot Scale, Expressed as % (w/w) ± Standard Deviationa.

Table 3. Elemental Analysis, Ash Content, and Estimated Higher Heating Value (HHV) of Dried Macroalga Residue (DMR), DMR < 500 μm Size Fraction (DMR_<500), and Solid Residues after SW Treatment at Lab Scale and Pilot Scale, Expressed as % (w/w) ± Standard Deviation^a.