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. 2023 Mar 3;160(5):187–192. doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2022.06.021

Table 1.

Demographic and medical characteristics of participants.

Characteristic Cases (MS patients with COVID-19)
N (%)
Controls (MS patients without COVID-19)
N (%)
Characteristic Cases (MS patients with COVID-19)
N (%)
Controls (MS patients without COVID-19)
N (%)
Sex Underlying diseases
 Male 13 (26%) 73 (12.5%)  Hypertension 12 (3.9%) 2 (3.8%)
 Female 39 (74%) 273 (87.5%)  CAD 7 (2.3%) 1 (1.9%)
Age (Mean (SD)) 37.6 (9.23) 38.4 (9.05)  Diabetes 10 (3.2%) 5 (9.6%)
Smoking  Pulmonary disease 5 (1.6%) 1 (1.9%)
 Smoker 11 (21.2%) 52 (16.8%)  Interferon beta 1a 6 (11.5%) 65 (21%)
 Non-smoker 41 (78.8%) 258 (83.2%) Disease modifying therapies
BMI  Interferon beta 1b 2 (3.8%) 10 (3.2%)
 <18.5 1 (1.9%) 7 (2.3%)  Glatiramer acetate 7 (13.5%) 58 (18.7%)
 18.5–24.9 23 (44.2%) 156 (50.7%)  Fingolimod 4 (7.7%) 53 (17.1%)
 25–29.9 24 (46.2%) 123 (39.9%)  Natalizumab 2 (3.8%) 6 (1.9%)
 ≥30 4 (7.7%) 22 (7.1%)  Rituximab 30 (57.8%) 110 (35.5%)
Family history of MS  Triflunomide 0 1 (0.3%)
 Yes 11 (21.2%) 65 (21%)  Dimethyl Fumarate 1 (1.9%) 7 (2.3%)
 No 41 (78.8%) 245 (79%) Baseline EDSS (Mean (SD)) 2.07 (1.87) 1.95 (1.87)
Disease duration (months) Baseline MRI lesions (Mean (SD)) 0.47 (0.30) 0.51 (0.33)
 <60 12 (23.1%) 60 (19.4%)
 61–120 24 (46.2%) 93 (30%)
 >120 16 (30.7%) 157 (50.6%)
Total 52 (14.4%) 310 (85.6%)

SD: standard deviation, BMI: body mass index, MS: multiple sclerosis, CAD: coronary artery disease, EDSS: expanded disability status scale, MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging.