Table 3.
Bite-to-needle time to complications and outcome
| Parameter | Group I (n = 36) | Group II (n = 30) | Group III (n = 22) | Group IV (n = 12) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-snake venom | 0.001 | ||||
| 10 vials | 4 (11.1) | – | – | – | |
| 20 vials | 29 (80.6) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (9.1) | – | |
| 30 vials | 3 (8.3) | 26 (86.7) | 20 (90.9) | 12 (100)* | |
| Whole blood clotting time >20 minutes | 32 (88.9) | 25 (83.3) | 18 (81.8) | 9 (75) | 0.694 |
| Duration of hospitalization | 0.001 | ||||
| <5 days | 27 (75) | 1 (3.3) | – | – | |
| 5–10 days | 9 (25) | 20 (66.7) | 15 (68.2) | 7 (58.3) | |
| >10 days | – | 9 (30) | 7 (31.8) | 5 (41.7)* | |
| Cellulitis | 1 (2.8) | 17 (56.7) | 21 (95.5)* | 11 (91.7) | 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 4 (11.1) | 8 (26.7) | 10 (45.5) | 12 (100)* | 0.001 |
| DIC | – | – | 4 (18.2) | 9 (75)* | 0.001 |
| Septic shock | – | 1 (3.3) | 4 (18.2) | 7 (58.3)* | 0.001 |
| Respiratory failure | – | 6 (20) | 3 (13.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.053 |
| Non-survivors | – | – | 1 (4.5) | 8 (88.9)* | 0.001 |
DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation