Table 4.

Comparison of Month 12 Virally Suppressed and Non-suppressed on Month 12 SAMISS¹ and Stigma

Question	Value²	Suppressed at Month12 (vl < 200)	Unsuppressed at Month12 (vl >= 200)	p value³	Chi square Test for trend p value⁴

Q1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?		n =68	n = 60

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.70	0.79
	Never	10 (15%)	12 (18%)
	Monthly or less	21 (31%)	18 (26%)
	2–4 times/month	6 (9%)	5 (7%)
	2–3 times/week	10 (15%)	6 (9%)
	4 or more times/week	1 (1%)	3 (4%)
	Response not valid/Missing	1 (1%)	2 (2%)

Q2. How many drinks do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.22	0.74
	None	12 (18%)	17 (25%)
	1 or 2	22 (32%)	15 (22%)
	3 or 4	11 (16%)	6 (9%)
	5 or 6	3 (4%)	6 (9%)
	Response not valid/Missing	1 (1%)	2 (2%)

Q3. How often do you have 4 or more drinks on 1 occasion?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.01	0.83
	Never	20 (29%)	26 (38%)
	Less than monthly	22 (32%)	6 (9%)
	Monthly	3 (4%)	7 (10%)
	Weekly	3 (4%)	4 (6%)
	Daily or almost daily	0 (0%)	1 (1%)
	Response not valid/Missing	1 (1%)	2 (2%)

Q4. In the past year, how often did you use nonprescription drugs to get high or to change the way you feel?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.92	0.74
	Never	34 (50%)	31 (46%)
	Less than monthly	6 (9%)	4 (6%)
	Monthly	3 (4%)	5 (7%)
	Weekly	1 (1%)	1 (1%)
	Daily or almost daily	4 (6%)	4 (6%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q5. In the past year, how often did you use drugs prescribed to you or to someone else to get high or change the way you feel?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.19	0.09
	Never	41 (60%)	36 (53%)
	Less than monthly	6 (9%)	3 (4%)
	Monthly	1 (1%)	2 (3%)
	Weekly	0 (0%)	1 (1%)
	Daily or almost daily	0 (0%)	3 (4%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q6. In the past year, how often did you drink or use drugs more than you meant to?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.09	0.29
	Never	26 (38%)	27 (40%)
	Less than monthly	15 (22%)	6 (9%)
	Monthly	5 (7%)	4 (6%)
	Weekly	2 (3%)	6 (9%)
	Daily or almost daily	0 (0%)	2 (3%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q7. How often did you feel you wanted or needed to cut down on your drinking or drug use in the past year, and were not able to?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.75	0.93
	Never	35 (51%)	31 (46%)
	Less than monthly	6 (9%)	6 (9%)
	Monthly	3 (4%)	4 (6%)
	Weekly	1 (1%)	3 (4%)
	Daily or almost daily	3 (4%)	1 (1%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q8. In the past year, when not high or intoxicated, did you ever feel extremely energetic or irritable and more talkative than usual?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.83
	Yes	17 (25%)	17 (25%)
	No	31 (46%)	28 (41%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q9. In the past year, were you ever on medication or antidepressants for depression or nerve problems?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.07
	Yes	18 (26%)	9 (13%)
	No	30 (44%)	36 (53%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q10. In the past year, was there ever a time when you felt sad, blue, or depressed for more than 2 weeks in a row?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.84
	Yes	20 (29%)	20 (29%)
	No	28 (41%)	25 (37%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q11. In the past year, was there ever a time lasting more than 2 weeks when you lost interest in most things or activities that usually give you pleasure?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.68
	Yes	18 (26%)	19 (28%)
	No	30 (44%)	26 (38%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q12. In the past year, did you ever have a period lasting more than 1 month when most of the time you felt worried and anxious?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.83

	Yes	21 (31%)	18 (26%)
	No	27 (40%)	27 (40%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q13. In the past year, did you have a spell or an attack when all of a sudden you felt frightened, anxious, or very uneasy when most people would not be afraid or anxious?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.83
	Yes	18 (26%)	18 (26%)
	No	30 (44%)	27 (40%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q14. In the past year, did you ever have a spell or an attack when for no reason your heart suddenly started to race, you felt faint, or you could not catch your breath?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.64	.
	Yes	11 (16%)	13 (19%)
	No	37 (54%)	32 (47%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q15. During your lifetime, as a child or adult, have you experienced or witnessed traumatic events that involved harm to yourself or to others?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.54
	Yes	27 (40%)	22 (32%)
	No	21 (31%)	23 (34%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q16. In the past year, have you been troubled by flashbacks, nightmares, or thoughts of the trauma?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.78
	Yes	13 (19%)	12 (18%)
	No	14 (21%)	10 (15%)
	Question was skipped	22 (32%)	24 (35%)

Q17. In the past 3 months, have you experienced any events or received information that was so upsetting it affected how you cope with everyday life?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.20
	Yes	14 (21%)	19 (28%)
	No	34 (50%)	26 (38%)
	Response missing	1 ( 1%)	1 (1%)

Q18. Have had nightmares about it or thought about it when you did not want to?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.11
	Yes	10 (15%)	17 (25%)
	No	38 (56%)	28 (41%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q19. Tried hard not to think about it or went out of your way to avoid situations that reminded you of it?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.41
	Yes	22 (32%)	25 (37%)
	No	26 (38%)	20 (29%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q20. Were constantly on guard, watchful, or easily startled?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	1.00
	Yes	20 (29%)	18 (26%)
	No	28 (41%)	27 (40%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

Q21. Felt numb or detached from others, activities, or your surroundings?

	SAMISS not taken	19 (28%)	14 (21%)	0.68
	Yes	20 (29%)	21 (31%)
	No	28 (41%)	24 (35%)
	Response missing	1 (1%)	1 (1%)

1. Internalized Stigma⁵

	Mean (Min, Max)	2.1 (1, 5)	2.0 (1, 5)	0.70
	Median (Q1, Q3)	2 (1, 3)	2 (1, 3)

2. HIV Stigma⁶

	Mean (Min, Max)	2.9 (1, 5)	2.9 (1, 5)	0.21
	Median (Q1, Q3)	3 (3, 4)	3 (2, 4)

3. Community Stigma⁷

	Mean (Min, Max)	0.3 (0, 1)	0.3 (0, 1)	0.43
	Median (Q1, Q3)	0 (0, 1)	0 (0, 1)

SAMISS questions Q22–24 are only available at month 12; CASI questions Q73–79 (engagement in LGBT community) and Q15 (prior ART use) are only available at baseline.

The “missing” category was not included in the statistical test.

If variable/question is categorical then the p value is from Fisher’s exact test for independence; if variable is numeric then the p value is from Wilcoxon rank sum test.

⁴

A Chi square test for trend is also conducted to take account of the trend of variable values if the categorical variable is ordinal.

⁵

Average exclude variables with value = 99 (prefer not to answer) from the average.

⁶

Average exclude variables with value = 99 (prefer not to answer) from the average.

⁷

Calculate the percent “Yes” responses among the variables with responses 1 or 2; exclude 77 (don’t know) and 99 (prefer not to answer).

The table shows the baseline demographics and health characteristics of participants based on viral suppression status. Suppressed indicates that the viral load was <200 copies/mL at the month 12 study visit. Numbers in parentheses incidate percentatges, ranges (min/max), or quartiles (Q1, Q3). N=number; HIV viral load (VL, HIV RNA copies/mL).

Abbreviations: SAMISS: Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptoms Screener; Min: minimum, Max: maximum, 1–5; Q: quartertile.