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. 2023 Mar 3;18(3):e0282418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282418

Table 2. Perceptions of slaughterhouse workers (n = 157) on hygienic meat processing and their knowledge of modes of transmission of meat-borne zoonotic pathogen during routine slaughterhouse operations in Southeast, Nigeria.

Variable Frequency Proportion (%)
Practised stunning before bleeding
Yes 11 7
No 146 9
If you do not stun before bleeding, why?
Religious reasons 83 56.8
Lack of stunning equipment 14 9.6
Not aware that stunning is required before bleeding 49 33.6
Major source/type of water used for carcass/meat processing
Well water 40 25.5
Borehole water 85 54.1
Potable water 11 7
Rain water 21 13.4
If not potable water, do you purify the water with water sanitizer before use?
Yes 33 22.6
No 113 77.4
Do you process carcass or dress meat on bare slaughterhouse floor?
Yes 112 71.3
No 45 28.7
Do you use same bowl of water or water pool to wash more than one carcass?
Yes 82 52.2
No 75 47.8
Do you eat or drank while processing carcasses?
Yes 91 58
No 66 42
If yes, do you wash your hands with soap and running water before eating?
Yes 58 63.7
No 33 36.3
Do you wear personal protective equipment (PPE) while processing carcasses?
Yes 44 28
No 113 72
Do you eat raw or undercooked meat during carcass processing?
Yes 23 14.6
No 134 85.4
Can food-producing animals harbour meat-borne zoonotic pathogens?
Yes 81 51.6
No 76 48.4
Can meat-born zoonotic pathogens in animals spread to humans by handling/processing of infected animals or carcasses or via the food chain?
Yes 111 70.7
No 46 29.3
Does stress or inhumane handling of animals shortly before slaughter cause poor bleed-out which negatively affects the safety and shelf-life of the processed meats?
Yes 111 70.7
No 463 29.3
Does stress or inhumane handling of animals awaiting slaughter lower their immunity and increase their susceptibility to meat-borne zoonotic pathogens transmissible during carcass processing or via the food chain?
Yes 67 42.7
No 90 57.3
Can human transmission of meat-borne zoonotic pathogens result from the use of contaminated water for carcass/meat processing?
Yes 97 61.8
No 60 38.2
Can non-use of PPE enhance transmission of zoonotic pathogens particularly slaughterhouse workers?
Yes 84 53.5
No 76 46.5
Does eating/drinking while processing carcass, especially with unwashed hands, increase your chances of infection with zoonotic pathogens?
Yes 119 75.8
No 38 24.2