. 2022;23(4):322–330. doi: 10.22099/IJVR.2022.42992.6259

Table 4.

Effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on biometrical parameters (cm) of crossbred calves

Parameters	Month	T₀	T₁	T₂	T₃
Body length	0	64.09 ± 0.62	64.17 ± 0.47	63.66 ± 0.58	64.45 ± 0.38
	1	67.89 ± 0.62^b	69.68 ± 0.48^a	69.14 ± 0.22^ab	68.36 ± 0.28^ab
	2	71.28 ± 0.37^b	73.24 ± 0.36^a	71.83 ± 0.34^b	73.88 ± 0.57^a
	3	75.73 ± 0.78^b	80.48 ± 1.09^a	77.03 ± 0.78^b	81.63 ± 0.54^a
Chest girth	0	69.80 ± 0.70	70.61 ± 0.42	69.77 ± 0.91	70.38 ± 0.66
	1	75.12 ± 0.70	76.02 ± 0.30	75.42 ± 0.53	76.22 ± 0.42
	2	79.37 ± 0.76	79.88 ± 0.31	79.40 ± 0.64	79.80 ± 0.29
	3	83.73 ± 0.51^b	86.77 ± 0.84^a	84.45 ± 0.20^b	87.71 ± 0.95^a
Height	0	68.89 ± 0.54	69.26 ± 0.41	69.19 ± 0.63	68.98 ± 0.39
	1	72.45 ± 0.52	73.07 ± 0.28	72.79 ± 0.48	73.56 ± 0.24
	2	76.36 ± 0.28	77.10 ± 0.80	76.49 ± 0.33	77.75 ± 0.26
	3	81.59 ± 0.43^b	84.20 ± 0.40^a	82.09 ± 0.57^b	84.43 ± 0.69^a

Means bearing different superscripts in a row differ significantly (P<0.05). T₀: Control group, basal diet without any additive; T₁: Probiotic group, basal diet + Lactobacillus acidophilus @ 1 g/calf per day (2 × 10¹⁰ cfu/g); T₂: Prebiotic group, basal diet + Mannan oligosaccharide @ 4 g/calf per day; and T₃: Symbiotic group, basal diet + Lactobacillus acidophilus @ 0.5 g and 2 g MOS/calf per day