Table 1. Summary of 11 included articles.

N, number

Author	Year	Study Design	Patients no.	Location	Stabilization	Follow-up	Complications (N) %
Fixated (Stabilized)
Al-Jandan and Marei [11]	2018	Prospective	58	Angle	Two monocortical screws of 2 mm × 7 mm	1 year	Displacement, (8) 13.8%; dissatisfaction: (3) 5.1%; infection: (3) 5.2%
Pitanguy et al. [15]	1986	Prospective	601	Chin	Sutured to orbicularis oris muscle	16 years	Displacement, (4) 0.66%; dissatisfaction, (1) 0.16%
Vuyk [12]	1996	Retrospective	40	Chin	Suture: 4-0 Proline	1-45 months	Asymmetry, (3) 7.5%; bone resorption, (8) 20%; and hematoma, (2) 5%
Hopping et al. [16]	2010	Retrospective	100	Chin Malar	Suture: Chin: 4-0 Vicryl Malar: 4-0 Nylon	4 years	Chin: dissatisfaction (1) 1% and pain (1) 1% Malar: asymmetry (2) 2%; infection (8) 8%
Nonfixated (Nonstabilized)
Aynehchi et al. [14]	2011	Retrospective	125	Chin	None	1 year	Mucosal irritation (2) 1.6%
Sciaraffia et al. [9]	2018	Retrospective	15	Chin	None	1 year	Bone erosion: 0 mm erosion: (1) 6.7% < 1.5 mm erosion: (11) 73.3% > 1.5 mm erosion: (3) 20%
Metzinger et al. [8]	1999	Retrospective	60	Malar	None	1 year	Displacement (5) 8.3%; dissatisfaction (1) 1.7%; edema (1) 1.7%; paresthesia (3) 5%
Saleh et al. [17]	2002	Retrospective	40	Chin	None	9-60 months	Bone resorption: 0.5 mm, (14) 35%; 1 mm, (3) 7.5%; and 2 mm (4) 10%
Abrahams and Caceres [18]	1997	Case series	4	Chin	None	Not reported	Bone erosion: < 3 mm, (1) 25%; 3 mm in (2) 50% > 3 mm in (4) 25%
Matarasso et al. [19]	1995	Case series	6	Chin	None	Not reported	Bone erosion: < 5 mm, (1) 17%; 5-10 mm, (3) 50% > 10 mm, (2) 33%
Polo [20]	2016	Case series	2	Chin	None	10-17 years	Bone erosion: first patient, none; second patient, 0.5 mm