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. 2023 Feb 8;9(2):e13590. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13590

Table 2.

Sources of LGWH in the food and beverage industry [120].

Industry Process Temperature (°C)
Food and Beverage Drying (food processing, breweries, dairy) 29.4–223.9
Yoghurt maturation (dairy) 40.6–46.1
Heat treating (food processing) 40.6–60
Clean-in-place washing, washing bottles, clothes etc. 40.6–90.6
Solvent extraction and distillation of vegetable oil (food processing) 60–110
Pasteurizing (food processing, breweries, dairy) 71.1–121.1
Boiling (food processing) 93.3–104.4
Distilling (breweries) 96.1–101.7
Evaporating (dairy) 60–148.9
Sterilizing (food processing) 140.6–148.9
Frying (food processing) 79.4–221.1