Table 4.
Association between antibiotic therapy and cancer by cancer sites (multivariable logistic regression models)
| Antibiotic therapy | OR (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digestive organs (n = 33,174) | Respiratory organs (n = 15,392) | Prostate (n = 22,496) | Breast (n = 29,354) | Skin (n = 45,680) | Urinary tract (n = 14,644) | Lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue (n = 28,184) | |
| Any antibiotic drug | |||||||
| ≤ 6000 mg | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.16 (1.06–1.27)* | 1.10 (1.03–1.20)* | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25)* | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) |
| > 6000 mg | 1.09 (1.03–1.14)* | 1.44 (1,34–1.55)* | 1.17 (1.10–1.25)* | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 1.09 (1.04–1.13) | 1.32 (1.22–1.42)* | 1.35 (1.28–1.42)* |
| Tetracyclines | |||||||
| ≤ 2000 mg | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 1.02 (0.85–1.21) | 1.04 (0.92–1.16) |
| > 2000 mg | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.78 (0.63–0.95) | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 0.93 (0.80–1.11) | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.70 (0.56–0.88)* | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) |
| Penicillins | |||||||
| ≤ 20,000 mg | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 1.33 (1.20–1.47)* | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 1.17 (1.09–1.27)* |
| > 20,000 mg | 0.98 (0.88–1.11) | 1.42 (1.22–1.64)* | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.89 (0.79–1.02) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) | 1.10 (0.97–1.23) |
| Cephalosporins | |||||||
| ≤ 6000 mg | 1.06 (0.98–1.16) | 1.32 (1.17–1.48)* | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | 1.21 (1.06–1.37) | 1.13 (1.03–1.23) |
| > 6000 mg | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.47 (1.29–1.66)* | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | 1.40 (1.25–1.56)* | 1.11 (1.03–1.21) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.50 (1.35–1.66)* |
| Sulfonamides and trimethoprim | |||||||
| ≤ 9600 mg | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 1.01 (0.87–1.16) | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | 1.79 (1.42–2.25)* | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) |
| > 9600 mg | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.74 (0.53–1.01) | 1.13 (0.78–1.63) | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 0.85 (0.72–1.01) | 1.74 (1.28–2.36)* | 1.31 (1.07–1.60)* |
| Macrolides | |||||||
| ≤ 3000 mg | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 1.00 (0.90–1.10) | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) |
| > 3000 mg | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 1.15 (1.02–1.28) | 1.09 (0.96–1.22) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 1.20 (1.10–1.31)* |
| Quinolones | |||||||
| ≤ 5000 mg | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) | 1.21 (1.10–1.33)* | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 1.64 (1.38–1.71)* | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) |
| > 5000 mg | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 1.47 (1.31–1.66)* | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 0.99 (0.91–1.06) | 1.57 (1.38–1.78)* | 1.20 (1.09–1.32)* |
*p < 0.001
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval