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. 2023 Mar 3;14:1212. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36868-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — We assessed potential shifts in diversification rates over time in Hymenoptera using a sampling fraction approach and clade-specific sampling probabilities in BAMM v2.5^45,46 and the associated R package BAMMtools v2.1.7¹¹⁵. All analyses shown are based on topology C-1. a Plot of best shift configuration with maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), indicating rate shifts on respective branches. Rates are shown as net diversification rates. Since this rate shift configuration only has a 0.019 probability among 9910 distinct shift configurations in the 95% credibility set, we summarized the cumulative probabilities for each branch that a shift occurred somewhere between the focal branch and the root of the tree. b Cumulative shift probability tree, indicating in dark cyan the branches with a shift probability ≥0.97 ≤ 0.99 and in gold the branches with a cumulative shift probability = 1. Golden branches thus occur in every distinct shift configuration and cyan branches in 97–99% of all distinct shift configurations. Numbered clades/shifts are (1) Ichneumonidae (internal); (2) Apocrita minus Ichneumonoidea; (3) Aculeata minus Chrysidoidea; (4) Bees minus Melittidae; (5) Cynipidae s.s.; (6) Eurytomidae (Eurytominae). For detailed information on methodology and results, refer to the main text, Supplementary Methods, and Supplementary Data 9 and 16. Images of wasps courtesy of Matt Bertone. Source data for this figure can be found in the Dryad repository at 10.5061/dryad.08kprr54m (folder 3.2).