Table 3.

Summary of diversification rates and shifts estimated with MEDUSA

Clade	Regime	Ancestral	Age (Ma)	Rate	Shift
Topology C-1
Background rate	i			0.028
Aculeata minus Chrysidoidea	ii	i	123.2	0.081	+
Bees minus Melittidae	iii	ii	66.1	0.151	+
Siricidae + Xiphydriidae	iv	i	236.7	0.021	−
core Cynipoidea	v	vi	95.8	0.077	+
Cynipoidea	vi	i	129.6	0.031	+
Topology A-0
Background rate	i			0.029
Aculeata minus Chrysidoidea	ii	i	124.8	0.081	+
Bees minus Melittidae	iii	ii	64.4	0.155	+
Siricidae + Xiphydriidae	iv	i	239.9	0.020	−
Pamphiliidae + Xyelidae	v	i	239.0	0.022	−

Rate regimes, ancestral regimes, and ages of rate shifts inferred by MEDUSA¹¹⁶ analyses based on topology C-1 and A-0. + indicates an increase in rate, − indicates a decrease in rate. Refer to Supplementary Fig. 22 for a graphical illustration of shifts. Source data for this Table can be found in the Dryad repository at 10.5061/dryad.08kprr54m (folder 3.4).