Table 2.
Odds ratios (95% CI) for the associations between maternal exposures and risk of (I) no ASD with GIDs (N= 76,032), (2) ASD no GIDs (N = 3317), and (3) ASD with GIDs in children (N= 1814), relative to children with no ASD no GIDs (N = 227,373).a.
| No ASD with GIDs OR (95% CI) | ASD no GIDs OR (95% CI) | ASD with GIDs OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Versus No ASD no GIDs | |||
|
| |||
| Single exposureb | |||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.11) | 1.25 (1.13, 1.37) | 1.37 (1.22, 1.54) |
| Diabetes | 1.15 (1.11, 1.19) | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) | 1.50 (1.28, 1.76) |
| Preeclampsia | 1.19 (1.14, 1.24) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.38) | 1.63 (1.36, 1.95) |
| Asthma | 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 1.39 (1.17, 1.67) |
| Multiple exposure mutually adjustedc | |||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.21 (1.10, 1.34) | 1.29 (1.15, 1.46) |
| Diabetes | 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) | 1.21 (1.06, 1.38) | 1.39 (1.19, 1.64) |
| Preeclampsia | 1.18 (1.13, 1.23) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.34) | 1.55 (1.29, 1.86) |
| Asthma | 1.12 (1.08, 1.17) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.65) |
ASD: autism spectrum disorder; GIDs: gastrointestinal disturbances; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index
a
Adjusted for birth year, maternal age, parity, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal educational qualifications, smoking in pregnancy, history of comorbidity, maternal mental health issue, income (per 10k), and child’s sex.
b
Not adjusted for the three other maternal pregnancy exposures.
c
Simultaneously adjusted for the three other maternal pregnancy exposures.