Table 3.
MNs for endometrial regeneration.
| Materials | Structure | Bioactive substances | Mechanisms | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GelMA | Arrays: Height: Shape: conical Strength: 0.3 N/needle |
CeO2 nanozyme, stem cell | antioxidant CeO2 loaded base removed excessive ROS; Hydrogel needles improved stem cell activity, targeting efficiency and dwell time. |
[152] |
| Arrowhead needles: GelMA; Base: bottom layer was N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA), top layer was PEGMA |
Arrays: Height: 760 μm Shape: Arrowhead Strength: 0.2 N/needle |
bFGF | The arrowhead needles allowed MNs steadily adhering to the tissues and released growth factors; Backing layer prevented tissue adhesions |
[153] |
| GelMA, | Arrays: Height: 600 μm Shape: conical Strength: 0.2 N/needle |
Lactoferrin, human endometrium-derived adventitial cells | Cells could rapidly form more biologically active three-dimensional cell spheres within the micropores surrounding the needles. Lactoferrin inhibited bacterial infections |
[154] |