Table 5. Summary of innovations.

OA=open access.

	Review article
Innovations	Barroga (2020)	Bruce et al. (2016)	Burley (2017)	Horbach & Halffman (2018)	Tennant (2018)	Tennant et al. (2017)
Open peer review	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓
Transparent peer review			✓
Blinded / masked peer review		✓
Pre-peer review commenting	✓					✓
Pre-publication peer review	✓					✓
Post-publication peer review	✓					✓
Post-publication commenting	✓					✓
Post publication peer review				✓
Post publication peer review			✓
Registered reports				✓
Collaborative review	✓					✓
Interactive peer review	✓					✓
Discussion during review				✓
Cascading peer review	✓		✓	✓		✓
Peer review as a separate service			✓
Recommendation services	✓					✓
Portable review	✓					✓
Independent peer review	✓					✓
Decoupled post-publication review	✓					✓
Review by third parties				✓
Specialisation		✓		✓
Results free			✓
Soundness only				✓
Non-financial	✓
Crediting	✓
Financial	✓
Reviewer credit					✓
Rewarding peer review			✓
Guidelines and training	✓
Core competencies	✓
Training and mentoring		✓
Checklists		✓
Platforms/servers/OA journals	✓
PR services	✓
Applications and tools	✓		✓
AI-assisted peer review	✓
Reddit model	✓					✓
Stack exchange model	✓					✓
Amazon model	✓					✓
GitHub model	✓					✓
Hypothesis model	✓					✓
Wikipedia model	✓					✓
Blockchain model	✓					✓
Hybrid peer review platform	✓					✓