Table 2.

The performance of different models

Models	Classifications	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1-score
BERT	Cognitive engagement	0.76	0.75	0.76	0.75
	Metacognitive engagement	0.85	0.86	0.81	0.82
	Behavioural engagement	0.73	0.77	0.74	0.73
	Emotional engagement	0.99	0.97	0.96	0.96
SVM	Cognitive engagement	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.54
	Metacognitive engagement	0.81	0.83	0.81	0.81
	Behavioural engagement	0.62	0.61	0.62	0.59
	Emotional engagement	0.97	0.94	0.97	0.95
NB	Cognitive engagement	0.64	0.76	0.64	0.60
	Metacognitive engagement	0.84	0.82	0.84	0.77
	Behavioural engagement	0.63	0.70	0.63	0.56
	Emotional engagement	0.97	0.95	0.97	0.96
LR	Cognitive engagement	0.55	0.56	0.55	0.51
	Metacognitive engagement	0.84	0.85	0.84	0.83
	Behavioural engagement	0.63	0.60	0.63	0.58
	Emotional engagement	0.97	0.94	0.97	0.95