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. 2023 Feb 20;9(3):e13959. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13959

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

G-quadruplex schematic layouts. G-quadruplex structures in this picture depict three stacks of G-tetrads and are divided into three categories based on their topology: parallel, antiparallel, and hybrid (direction of the 4 strands). M+ and dots in the G-tetrad represent cationic ions, Na+ or K+, and Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, accordingly.