Table 2.
Differences in clinical presentation between men and women
| Presentation/symptoms | Men (n = 444) | Women (n = 197) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chest pain | 168 (40.5) | 111 (60.3) | < 0.001 |
| Shortness of breath | 78 (18.8) | 20 (10.9) | 0.02 |
| Cough | 48 (11.6) | 8 (4.3) | 0.005 |
| Gastrointestinal | 8 (1.9) | 6 (3.3) | 0.31 |
| Weakness | 28 (6.7) | 4 (2.2) | 0.022 |
| Respiratory failure/pulmonary edema | 16 (3.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0.02 |
| Arrhythmia | 14 (3.4) | 5 (2.7) | 0.67 |
| Shock | 15 (3.6) | 4 (2.2) | 0.35 |
| Cardiac arrest | 24 (5.8) | 10 (5.4) | 0.92 |
| ECG on presentation | |||
| ST-segment elevation | 131 (39.5) | 46 (36.5) | 0.56 |
| ST-segment depression | 25 (7.5) | 12 (9.5) | 0.48 |
| T wave changes | 99 (31.9) | 44 (37.9) | 0.24 |
| Lab tests | |||
| WBC, cells/μL | 9.9 (7.2–13.9) | 9.2 (7–12.3) | 0.41 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.4 (10.4–14.6) | 13.3 (11.3–14.4) | 0.22 |
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 1.7 (0.6–4.4) | 1.6 (0.7–3.8) | 0.81 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 622.5 (187–1654) | 615 (370–1246) | 0.98 |
| GFR, ml/min | 60 (58–92.5) | 64 (55–81) | 0.62 |
| Echo on presentation | |||
| EF ≤ 35 | 231 (63.5) | 83 (54.6) | 0.06 |
| EF, % [n] | 32 (30–35) [364] | 35 (32–40) [152] | 0.03 |
| Coronary angiography done | 318 (71.6) | 161 (81.7) | 0.007 |
| LVEDP, mm Hg [n] | 20 (15–26) [76] | 21.5 (16–26) [36] | 0.82 |
| Type of TC | |||
| Apical | 301 (95) | 137 (98.6) | 0.07 |
| Mid-ventricular | 5 (1.6) | 0 | 0.33 |
| Basal | 11 (3.5) | 2 (1.4) | 0.23 |
Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated.
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; ECG, electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LVEDP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure; TC, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; WBC, white blood cell.