Table 2.

Decellularized adipose tissue with their origin and effectivity.

Decellularized materials	Authors, Year, Country	Study Design	sources of materials	Results	Conclusion
Decellularized adipose tissue	Omidi E et al. [131], 2014, Canada	Development and characterization study	human adipose tissue	DAT materials derived from various adipose depots promoted adipocyte infiltration and proliferation, and had similar large deformation characteristics under physiological loading after implantation.	DAT materials possess perfect mechanical characteristics.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Turner AE et al. [132], 2012, Canada	Development and characterization study	human adipose tissue	ASCs cultured on the DAT microcarriers elevated levels of adipogenic markers. The DAT microcarriers exhibited no immunogenicity or cytotoxicity, with supporting cellular infiltration and tissue remodeling. Pre-seeding the DAT microcarriers with rat ASCs enhanced cellularity and angiogenesis within the implant region.	The microcarriers fabricated from solubilized DAT provided a naturally adipo-inductive substrate.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Giatsidis G et al. [133], 2019, USA	Clinical study	human adipose tissue	Combined use of the allograft adipose matrix and noninvasive skin preconditioning significantly improved long-term volume retention (50–80% higher at a 12-week follow-up) and histologic quality of reconstructed tissues compared with standard of care (autologous adipose grafts). The components of the allograft adipose matrix supported adipogenesis and angiogenesis.	The synergistic use of the allograft adipose matrix and noninvasive tissue preconditioning provides an effective solution for improving fat grafting. These strategies could establish the basis for a novel therapeutic paradigm in reconstructive surgery.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Kokai LE et al. [134], 2019, USA	Development and characterization study	human adipose tissue	In vitro, adipose-derived stem cells cultured on allograft adipose matrix underwent adipogenesis in the absence of media-based cues. In vivo, animal modeling showed vasculature formation followed by perilipin A-positive tissue segments.	Subcutaneous implantation of allograft adipose matrix laden with retained angiogenic and adipogenic factors served as an inductive scaffold for sustaining adipogenesis.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Lu Q et al. [135], 2014, Singapore	Development and characterization study	human adipose tissue	In vitro, heparinized -DAT displayed stronger bFGF binding and controlled release abilities than non-heparinized DAT. When transplanted in vivo, Histology and gene expression analysis revealed that majority of the Hep-DAT scaffolds were infiltrated with host-derived adipose tissues that possessed similar adipogenic and inflammatory gene expression as endogenous adipose tissues.	The first time demonstrated the potent in vivo adipogenic potential of a bFGF delivery system based on heparinized DAT. demonstrated that bFGF-binding Hep-DAT could be an efficient, biocompatible and injectable adipogenic system for in vivo adipose tissue engineering.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Su Hee Kim et al. [141], 2021, USA	Development and characterization study	human adipose tissue	DAT hydrogel mixture induced adipogenesis. The in vivo study at 12 weeks demonstrated that the tissue-engineered DAT hydrogel promoted angiogenesis and adipose tissue formation, and suppressed apoptosis.	The patient-specific elastic scaffolds/hydrogel mixtures/cell systems could be a good treatment modality to regenerate large patient-specific adipose tissues.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Yu C et al. [146], 2013, Canada	Development and characterization study	human adipose tissue	Adipose tissue- and heart tissue-derived dECM-based hydrogels were used to enhance adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis.	The DAT-based foams induced a strong angiogenic response, promoted inflammatory cell migration and gradually resorbed over the course of 12 weeks, demonstrating potential as scaffolds for wound healing and soft tissue regeneration.
Decellularized adipose tissue	Xia Z et al. [155],vvv 2020, China	Development and characterization study	porcine adipose tissue	ASCs showed high rates of proliferation and adhered well to DAT. DAT up-regulated the expression of cell stem maintenance, and increased the secretion of growth factors.	The application of DAT promotes wound healing, and DAT combined with ASCs may be a promising material in adipose tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.